Table 4. Comparisons of performance among the seven non-human primate species for all six scales of the PCTB. Presented are the results of post hoc multiple comparisons (Bonferroni); significant results are in boldface.
Causality II: The scale causality without the tools use task.
| Space | Quantity | Causality | Causality II | Social learning | Communication | Theory of mind | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chimp - Orang | <0.001 | 0.275 | <0.001 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Chimp - Baboon | 1 | 1 | 0.003 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.082 |
| Chimp - Macaque | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | 0.699 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Chimp - Ruffed lemur | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | 0.352 | 1 | 0.077 |
| Chimp - Ring-tailed lemur | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 1 | 0.025 | 0.29 | <0.001 |
| Chimp - Mouse lemur | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 | 0.041 | 0.229 | 1 | 1 |
| Orang - Baboon | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.677 | 0.014 |
| Orang - Macaque | 1 | 1 | 0.433 | 1 | 1 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Orang - Ruffed lemur | 0.004 | 1 | 1 | 0.560 | 1 | 1 | 0.009 |
| Orang - Ring-tailed lemur | <0.001 | 1 | 0.643 | 1 | 0.919 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Orang - Mouse lemur | 0.237 | 1 | 0.046 | 0.918 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Baboon - Macaque | 0.176 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.591 | 1 |
| Baboon - Ruffed lemur | 0.001 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.653 | 1 |
| Baboon - Ring-tailed lemur | <0.001 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.094 | 1 |
| Baboon - Mouse lemur | 0.023 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.424 | 0.816 |
| Macaque - Ruffed lemur | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Macaque - Ring-tailed lemur | 0.074 | 0.307 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Macaque - Mouse lemur | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.033 |
| Ruffed lemur - Ring-tailed lemur | 1 | 0.409 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Ruffed lemur - Mouse lemur | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.008 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Ring-tailed lemur - Mouse lemur | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.106 | 1 | 1 | 0.036 |