FIGURE 1.

(a) Mean infection prevalence, (b) mean host population density, (c) variance in host population density across generations, and (d) mean change in host clone frequencies over time (i.e., fluctuating selection dynamics; range: 0–1) examined across different levels of parasite fecundity and fitness costs of infection to the hosts during the last 100 generations of the phase one of the simulation (coinfecting genetically nonspecific parasite not present). After Lively (2010b), the reproductive output of uninfected hosts (b _U), the probabilities for uninfected and infected hosts to enter the population (same for all clones) were chosen to be 20, 0.10, and 0.02, respectively. Numbers 1–4 in the first panel refer to combinations of parameter values for which examples of dynamics of host clone frequencies in individual runs of the simulation are presented in Figure 2