TABLE 6.

Genetic differentiation (pairwise F _ST) between the six genetic clusters (GC) identified with Structure

	GC 1	GC 2	GC 3	GC 4	GC 5	GC 6
Genetic cluster 1	0.00000
Genetic cluster 2	0.42822	0.00000
Genetic cluster 3	0.46296	0.13319	0.00000
Genetic cluster 4	0.43198	0.30765	0.32792	0.00000
Genetic cluster 5	0.65910	0.45260	0.51381	0.54811	0.00000
Genetic cluster 6	0.55366	0.40099	0.44521	0.38811	0.79219	0.00000

All pairwise comparisons were significant (p = 0) as estimated with 10,100 permutations. GC 1 includes only individuals (n = 9) from Kunming; GC 2 comprises individuals from Kunming (1), Langfang (10), Mianyang (10), Pingliang (2), Qingdao (1), Suzhou (1), and Wuhan (2); GC 3 consists of individuals from Wuhan (6); GC 4 includes individuals collected in Taigu (9) and Yinchuan (8); GC 5 is formed by individuals from Qingdao (9), Suzhou (1), Tai'an (10), and Wuhan (2); and GC 6 includes individuals from Pingliang (8), Suzhou (8), Taigu (1), and Yinchuan (2).