TABLE 1.

Inflammation‐associated factors in OA‐FLS inflammation

Mediators	Functions	Description of evidences	References
HMGB1	Pro‐inflammation	Transactivated of IL‐6 expression in OA‐FLS	[1]
		Enhanced the pro‐inflammatory effects of IL‐1β and LPS in OA‐FLS	[89, 90, 92]
NGF	Anti‐inflammation and algogenic	Reduced IL‐1β‐induced TNF‐α and iNOS generation in OA‐FLS	[13]
BK	Pro‐inflammation and algogenic	Induced prostaglandins, cytokines, and chemokines production in human FLS	[11]
		Elevated the expression of PGE2, COX‐2 inhuman FLS	[100]
TRPA1	Pro‐inflammation	Promoted IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐6 and MMPs production in LPS‐treated OA‐FLS	[106]
COS	Anti‐inflammation	Inhibited TNF‐α‐regulated iNOS and COX‐2 generation by activating the AMPK in both human and rabbit OA‐FLS	[110]