TABLE 2.
The distribution of histologically confirmed lesions in cytology grades by AI‐assisted and manual cytology
| Cytology grades | The difference between AI and manual cytology by histological diagnosis | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NILM | ASC‐US | ASC‐H | LSIL | HSIL | Agreement rate (95%CI) | P value (≥ASC‐US) | P value (≥ASC‐H) | |
| Cervicitis (n = 4790) | 85.7 (84.7‐86.7) | <.001 | <.001 | |||||
| AI | 23 (0.5%) | 1889 (39.4%) | 330 (6.9%) | 2407 (50.3%) | 141 (2.9%) | |||
| Manual | 217 (4.5%) | 1900 (39.7%) | 387 (8.1%) | 2068 (43.2%) | 218 (4.6%) | |||
| CIN1 (n = 819) | 83.6 (81.1‐86.2) | NA | <.001 | |||||
| AI | 0 (0) | 104 (12.7%) | 62 (7.6%) | 598 (73.0%) | 55 (6.7%) | |||
| Manual | 14 (1.7%) | 156 (19.1%) | 73 (8.9%) | 503 (61.4%) | 73 (8.9%) | |||
| CIN2 (n = 279) | 84.2 (80.0‐88.5) | NA | <.001 | |||||
| AI | 0 (0) | 34 (12.2%) | 43 (15.4%) | 171 (61.3%) | 31 (11.1%) | |||
| Manual | 7 (2.5%) | 54 (19.4%) | 43 (15.4%) | 141 (50.5%) | 34 (12.2%) | |||
| CIN3 (n = 727) | 87.1 (84.6‐89.5) | <.001 | <.001 | |||||
| AI | 1 (0.1%) | 65 (8.9%) | 144 (19.8%) | 337 (46.4%) | 180 (24.8%) | |||
| Manual | 13 (1.8%) | 85 (11.7%) | 139 (19.1%) | 303 (41.7%) | 187 (25.7%) | |||
| Cancer (n = 82) | 89.0 (82.3‐95.8) | NA | .046 | |||||
| AI | 0 (0) | 8 (9.8%) | 20 (24.4%) | 29 (35.4%) | 25 (30.5%) | |||
| Manual | 3 (3.7%) | 9 (11.0%) | 18 (22.0%) | 25 (30.5%) | 27 (32.9%) | |||
Abbreviations: AI, artificial intelligence; ASC‐H, atypical squamous cells, cannot rule out HSIL; ASC‐US, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance; CI, confidential interval; CIN1, CIN2, or CIN3, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1, 2, or 3; HSIL, high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion; LSIL, low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion; NILM, negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy.