Table 1. Demographic data of the study population (n=373).
* Indicates independent sample t-test used to compute the p-value.
** Chi-square test to compute the p-value.
† Fisher’s exact test used to compute the p-value.
Descriptive statistics are presented as Mean ± standard deviation.
Frequencies are presented as n(%), where n= number of subjects.
Abbreviations: BiPAP, bilevel positive airway pressure; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; ICU, intensive care unit; SD, standard deviation.
| # | Variables | Characteristics | p-value | |||||
| 1 | Age (in years) | Age group | <25 | 25-50 | 50-75 | >75 | - | |
| Total | 15 (4.0%) | 139 (37.3%) | 204 (54.7%) | 15 (4.0%) | ||||
| Males | 8 (3.2%) | 89 (35.6%) | 139 (55.6%) | 14 (5.6%) | 0.123† | |||
| Females | 7 (5.7%) | 50 (40.6%) | 65 (52.8%) | 1 (0.8%) | ||||
| Invasive ventilation | 2 (4.0%) | 13 (26.0%) | 34 (68.0%) | 1 (2.0%) | 0.574† | |||
| Non-invasive ventilation | 2 (1.1%) | 47 (26.7%) | 122 (69.3%) | 5 (2.8%) | ||||
| Survivors | 13 (4.8%) | 122 (45.3%) | 124 (46.1%) | 10 (3.7%) | <0.001† | |||
| Non-survivors | 2 (1.9%) | 18 (17.3%) | 79 (76.0%) | 5 (4.8%) | ||||
| 2 | Mean age (in years) | 52.78 ± 15.76 | - | |||||
| Males: 54.63 ± 15.22 | Females: 48.85 ± 16.24 | 0.002* | ||||||
| Invasive: 56.46 ± 13.78 | Non-invasive: 56.94 ± 12.71 | 0.821* | ||||||
| Survivors: 49.45 ± 16.03 | Non-survivors: 61.02 ± 11.56 | <0.001* | ||||||
| 3 | Gender | Males: 67.0% (n=250) | Females: 33.0% (n=123) | - | ||||
| Invasive: 19.0% (n=29) | Invasive: 28.8% (n=21) | 0.097** | ||||||
| Non-invasive: 81.0% (n=124) | Non-invasive: 71.2% (n=52) | |||||||
| Survivors: 72.8% (n=182) | Survivors: 70.7% (n=87) | 0.675** | ||||||
| Non-survivors: 27.2% (n=68) | Non-survivors: 29.3% (n=36) | |||||||
| 4 | Hospital Stay | Ward: 64.3% (n=240) | ICU: 35.7% (n=133) | - | ||||
| Survivors: 88.8% (n=213) | Survivors: 42.1% (n=56) | <0.001** | ||||||
| Non-survivors: 11.2% (n=27) | Non-survivors: 57.9% (n=77) | |||||||
| 5 | Length of Hospital stay (in days) | 8.09 ± 5.32 | - | |||||
| Invasive: 8.46 ± 5.61 | Non-invasive: 8.06 ± 5.48 | 0.658* | ||||||
| Survivors: 8.52 ± 5.50 | Non-survivors: 6.97 ± 4.56 | 0.013* | ||||||
| 6 | Mode of Respiration | Total: 60.6% (n=226) | No respirator: 39.4% (n=147) | - | ||||
| Invasive (On Ventilator): 13.4% (n=50) | Survivors: 18.0% (n=9) | <0.001** | ||||||
| Non-survivors: 82.0% (n=41) | ||||||||
| BiPAP/CPAP (Non-invasive): 15.8% (n=59) | Survivors: 50.8% (n=30) | |||||||
| Non-survivors: 49.2% (n=29) | ||||||||
| Oxygen therapy (via mask/nasal cannula): 31.4% (n=117) | Survivors: 75.2% (n=88) | |||||||
| Non-survivors: 24.8% (n=29) | ||||||||