Table 3. Multinomial regression of COVID-19 patients for invasive ventilation and survival (n=373).
Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease; ICU, intensive care unit; BiPAP, bilevel positive airway pressure; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; S.E., standard error; CRP, C-reactive protein; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; PCT, procalcitonin; TLC, total leukocyte count.
| # | Variable state | Unadjusted odds ratio (OR) | S.E | 95% confidence interval | Wald | p-value | |
| 1 | ICU | Hospital stay | 10.847 | 0.269 | 6.397–18.392 | 78.304 | <0.001 |
| Invasive ventilation | Ventilator | 9.359 | 0.503 | 3.493–25.078 | 19.777 | <0.001 | |
| Non-invasive ventilation | BiPAP/CPAP | 0.341 | 0.337 | 0.176–0.660 | 10.189 | 0.001 | |
| Oxygen mask | 0.072 | 0.426 | 0.031–0.167 | 38.037 | <0.001 | ||
| 2 | Hemoglobin (<12 g/dL) | Ventilator | 2.263 | 0.361 | 1.116–4.589 | 5.125 | 0.024 |
| Death | 1.525 | 0.274 | 0.891–2.609 | 2.367 | 0.124 | ||
| TLC (>11 x 109/L) | Ventilator | 3.330 | 0.377 | 1.590–6.971 | 10.182 | 0.001 | |
| Death | 7.397 | 0.316 | 3.983–13.736 | 40.137 | <0.001 | ||
| Platelet count (<150 x 109/L) | Ventilator | 1.520 | 0.385 | 0.715–3.234 | 1.183 | 0.277 | |
| Death | 1.815 | 0.327 | 0.956–3.449 | 3.317 | 0.069 | ||
| Neutrophils (>75%) | Ventilator | 3.804 | 0.371 | 1.839–7.869 | 12.972 | <0.001 | |
| Death | 5.535 | 0.282 | 3.183–9.627 | 36.728 | <0.001 | ||
| Lymphocytes (<20%) | Ventilator | 2.336 | 0.350 | 1.176–4.639 | 5.876 | 0.015 | |
| Death | 7.652 | 0.389 | 3.570–16.402 | 27.372 | <0.001 | ||
| 3 | Urea (>49 mg/dL) | Ventilator | 3.312 | 0.416 | 1.466–7.482 | 8.293 | 0.004 |
| Death | 12.576 | 0.379 | 5.978–26.456 | 44.518 | <0.001 | ||
| Creatinine (>1.3 mg/dL) | Ventilator | 2.640 | 0.382 | 1.248–5.585 | 6.452 | 0.011 | |
| Death | 12.589 | 0.354 | 6.287–25.210 | 51.110 | <0.001 | ||
| Sodium (>145 mEq/L) | Ventilator | 4.532 | 0.386 | 2.128–9.650 | 15.352 | <0.001 | |
| Death | 12.738 | 0.376 | 6.098–26.609 | 45.840 | <0.001 | ||
| 4 | CRP (>100 mg/L) | Ventilator | 2.909 | 0.367 | 1.418–5.968 | 8.483 | 0.004 |
| Death | 3.964 | 0.280 | 2.290–6.860 | 24.218 | <0.001 | ||
| LDH (>400 U/L) | Ventilator | 2.714 | 0.415 | 1.202–6.128 | 5.776 | 0.016 | |
| Death | 12.245 | 0.555 | 4.122–36.373 | 20.340 | <0.001 | ||
| Ferritin (>500 ng/mL) | Ventilator | 1.088 | 0.457 | 0.445–2.664 | 0.034 | 0.853 | |
| Death | 3.000 | 0.424 | 1.307–6.885 | 6.719 | 0.010 | ||
| PCT (>0.5 ng/mL) | Ventilator | 3.829 | 0.535 | 1.342–10.927 | 6.297 | 0.012 | |
| Death | 4.610 | 0.548 | 1.574–13.496 | 7.773 | 0.005 | ||
| D-dimer (>1.0 mcg/mL) | Ventilator | 8.744 | 0.754 | 1.997–38.291 | 8.280 | 0.004 | |
| Death | 16.301 | 0.627 | 4.768–55.734 | 19.802 | <0.001 | ||