. 2020 Apr 15;57(11):4003–4013. doi: 10.1007/s13197-020-04431-4

Table 3.

Sterol contents of oil extracted from milk thistle seeds before and after drying at different temperatures (mg/g of oil)

Samples of seeds	Phytosterols (mg/g)
Samples of seeds	Campesterol	Δ5-Stigmasterol	β-Sitosterol	Δ5-Avenasterol	Δ7-Stigmasterol	Δ7-Avenasterol	Cholesterol	Others
RS
Control sample	0.22 ± 0.01^a	0.27 ± 0.02^a	1.38 ± 0.06^a	0.05 ± 0.01^a	0.76 ± 0.05^a	0.12 ± 0.01^a	0.12 ± 0.01^a	0.06 ± 0.01^a
40 °C	0.19 ± 0.02^b	0.25 ± 0.03^a	1.36 ± 0.06^a	0.06 ± 0.01^a	0.78 ± 0.02^a	0.12 ± 0.01^a	0.10 ± 0.01^b	0.04 ± 0.00^b
60 °C	0.19 ± 0.01^b	0.24 ± 0.02^a	1.24 ± 0.05^a	0.06 ± 0.01^a	0.75 ± 0.04^a	0.12 ± 0.01^a	0.09 ± 0.01^b	0.04 ± 0.00^b
80 °C	0.17 ± 0.01^c	0.22 ± 0.02^b	1.16 ± 0.06^b	0.06 ± 0.01^a	0.68 ± 0.02^b	0.11 ± 0.01^a	0.09 ± 0.01^b	0.04 ± 0.01^b
100 °C	0.16 ± 0.01^c	0.23 ± 0.02^b	1.10 ± 0.05^b	0.05 ± 0.00^a	0.66 ± 0.01^b	0.13 ± 0.01^a	0.09 ± 0.01^b	0.03 ± 0.00^c
120 °C	0.16 ± 0.02^c	0.21 ± 0.03^b	1.09 ± 0.06^b	0.05 ± 0.00^a	0.65 ± 0.03^b	0.12 ± 0.01^a	0.09 ± 0.00^b	0.03 ± 0.00^c
140 °C	0.17 ± 0.02^c	0.21 ± 0.02^b	1.09 ± 0.05^b	0.05 ± 0.01^a	0.65 ± 0.01^b	0.13 ± 0.01^a	0.09 ± 0.01^b	0.03 ± 0.00^c
PL1
Control sample	0.19 ± 0.01^a	0.25 ± 0.02^a	1.21 ± 0.04^a	0.08 ± 0.02^a	0.60 ± 0.04^a	0.15 ± 0.02^a	0.37 ± 0.02^a	0.06 ± 0.01^a
40 °C	0.17 ± 0.01^b	0.25 ± 0.01^a	1.13 ± 0.04^b	0.07 ± 0.01^a	0.60 ± 0.02^a	0.15 ± 0.02^a	0.38 ± 0.02^a	0.05 ± 0.01^a
60 °C	0.15 ± 0.01^c	0.22 ± 0.01^b	0.97 ± 0.06^c	0.07 ± 0.01^a	0.55 ± 0.02^b	0.14 ± 0.01^a	0.36 ± 0.01^a	0.05 ± 0.00^a
80 °C	0.15 ± 0.01^c	0.21 ± 0.01^b	0.96 ± 0.03^c	0.06 ± 0.00^a	0.54 ± 0.02^b	0.13 ± 0.01^b	0.36 ± 0.01^a	0.04 ± 0.00^b
100 °C	0.13 ± 0.01^d	0.20 ± 0.02^b	0.95 ± 0.04^c	0.06 ± 0.01^a	0.52 ± 0.01^c	0.13 ± 0.01^b	0.35 ± 0.01^b	0.04 ± 0.00^b
120 °C	0.14 ± 0.01^d	0.19 ± 0.01^c	0.93 ± 0.03^c	0.05 ± 0.00^b	0.52 ± 0.01^c	0.13 ± 0.02^b	0.34 ± 0.01^b	0.04 ± 0.00^b
140 °C	0.13 ± 0.01^d	0.19 ± 0.01^c	0.94 ± 0.01^c	0.05 ± 0.01^b	0.50 ± 0.01^c	0.12 ± 0.01^b	0.33 ± 0.01^c	0.03 ± 0.00^c
PL2
Control sample	0.27 ± 0.01^a	0.35 ± 0.02^a	1.39 ± 0.06^a	0.08 ± 0.01^a	0.60 ± 0.03^a	0.16 ± 0.01^a	0.15 ± 0.00^a	0.04 ± 0.01^a
40 °C	0.22 ± 0.01^b	0.30 ± 0.02^b	1.14 ± 0.04^b	0.07 ± 0.01^a	0.52 ± 0.02^b	0.15 ± 0.01^a	0.14 ± 0.01^a	0.04 ± 0.00^a
60 °C	0.22 ± 0.01^b	0.29 ± 0.01^b	1.14 ± 0.04^b	0.07 ± 0.01^a	0.50 ± 0.02^b	0.14 ± 0.01^b	0.13 ± 0.01^b	0.03 ± 0.00^b
80 °C	0.21 ± 0.01^b	0.30 ± 0.01^b	1.14 ± 0.03^b	0.07 ± 0.02^a	0.51 ± 0.02^b	0.14 ± 0.01^b	0.13 ± 0.00^b	0.05 ± 0.00^a
100 °C	0.22 ± 0.01^b	0.29 ± 0.01^b	1.12 ± 0.03^b	0.07 ± 0.01^a	0.51 ± 0.02^b	0.14 ± 0.01^b	0.13 ± 0.00^b	0.03 ± 0.00^b
120 °C	0.22 ± 0.01^b	0.29 ± 0.01^b	1.11 ± 0.03^b	0.07 ± 0.01^a	0.52 ± 0.02	0.14 ± 0.01^b	0.13 ± 0.01^b	0.04 ± 0.00^b
140 °C	0.20 ± 0.01^c	0.25 ± 0.01^c	1.10 ± 0.03^b	0.05 ± 0.00^b	0.48 ± 0.01^c	0.12 ± 0.01^c	0.10 ± 0.01^c	0.03 ± 0.01^b

Values are means ± standard deviations (n = 3). Different superscript letters in columns for each sample indicate statistically significant differences at the level p = 0.05