Table 2.
Comparison of characteristics and in-hospital complications between those with and without CHD
| Variables | Presence of CHD | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Total influenza cases | 2174 | 123,296 |
| Age, years (median, IQR) | 3 (2–7) | 5 (2–11)* |
| Female | 977 (44.9%) | 56,078 (45.8%) |
| Race | ||
| White | 858 (45.0%) | 48,547 (47.8%) |
| Black | 298 (15.6%) | 20,522 (20.2%) |
| Hispanic | 575 (30.2%) | 22,796 (22.4%) |
| Others | 174 (9.1%) | 9733 (9.6%) |
| Discharge quarter | ||
| Jan-Mar | 678 (31.3%) | 36,224 (29.4%) |
| Apr-Jun | 398 (18.3%) | 15,321 (12.4%) |
| Jul-Sep | 193 (8.9%) | 10,038 (8.2%) |
| Oct-Dec | 900 (41.5%) | 61,642 (50.0%) |
| Comorbid conditions | ||
| Asthma | 521 (24.0%) | 34,410 (27.9%)* |
| Congenital respiratory anomalies | 112 (5.1%) | 704 (0.6%)* |
| Congenital musculoskeletal anomalies | 98 (4.5%) | 1228 (1.0%)* |
| Chromosomal anomalies | 426 (19.6%) | 1936 (1.6%)* |
| Complications | ||
| Respiratory failure | 267 (12.3%) | 6447 (5.2%)* |
| Acute kidney injury | 60 (2.8%) | 1474 (1.2%)* |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) | 262 (12.0%) | 5529 (4.5%)* |
| Non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) | 67 (3.1%) | 1877 (1.5%)* |
| Myocarditis | < 11 (NA)a | 193 (0.2%) |
| Tachyarrhythmias | 54 (2.5%) | 460 (0.4%)* |
| Heart block/conduction disorders | 75 (3.4%) | 238 (0.2%)* |
| Sudden cardiac arrest | 18 (0.8%) | 232 (0.2%)* |
| ECMOa | 12 (0.6%) | 199 (0.2%)* |
| In-hospital mortality | 44 (2.0%) | 643 (0.5%)* |
aExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation
CHD: Congenital heart disease
*P-value is < 0.001 for these comparisons
aHealthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) restricts subjects < 11 to be reported