FIGURE 3.

Ubiquitin‐specific protease 19 (USP19) deficiency exacerbates heart hypertrophy and dysfunction in response to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in vivo. A, Western blot analysis revealing successful construction of USP19‐knockout (KO) mice. B‐D, Four weeks after TAC, the ratios of heart weight/bodyweight (HW/BW; left), lung weight/bodyweight (LW/BW; middle) and heart weight/tibia length (HW/TL, right) were assessed in wild‐type (WT) or KO groups subjected to sham or TAC operation (n = 10 mice per experimental group). E‐H, Echocardiographic assessment (n = 10 mice per experimental group) of left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (LVEDd, left), left ventricular end‐systolic diameter (LVESd, middle left), fractional shortening (FS, middle right) and ejection fraction (EF, right). Data are expressed as mean ± SD. **P ＜ 0.01 or *P ＜ 0.05 vs WT/sham; ^## P ＜ 0.01 or ^# P ＜ 0.05 vs WT/TAC