FIGURE 5.

Ubiquitin‐specific protease 19 (USP19) reduces TAK1‐p38/JNK1/2 phosphorylation levels in hypertrophic hearts and cardiomyocytes. A, Above, Western blots showing the phosphorylation and total protein levels of TAK1, ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) infected with AdshRNA or short hairpin RNA (AdshUSP19) followed by treatment with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or phenylephrine (PE). Bottom, Statistical analysis of the phosphorylation levels of TAK1, ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 in PE‐treated AdshRNA and AdshUSP19 groups. n = 6, **P < 0.01 vs AdshRNA/PE. B, Above, Western blots showing the phosphorylation and total protein levels of TAK1, ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 in NRCMs infected with AdGFP or AdUSP19 followed by treatment with PBS or PE. Bottom, Statistical analysis of the phosphorylation levels of TAK1, ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 in PE‐treated AdGFP and AdUSP19 groups. n = 6, **P < 0.01 vs AdGFP/PE. C, Above, Western blots showing the phosphorylation and total protein levels of TAK1, ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 in wild‐type (WT) or USP19‐knockout (KO) mice subjected to sham or transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery. Bottom, densitometry analyses of the phosphorylation levels of TAK1, ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 in TAC‐treated WT and KO mice. n = 6, **P < 0.01 vs WT/TAC. n.s., no significance