Table 1.
Patient demographic, comorbidities, symptoms and laboratory findings at admission
| Variables | All patients (n = 262) |
survivors (n = 206) | deceased (n = 56) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 58 (43–67) | 56 (41–65) | 66 (58–77) | <0.000* | |
| Gender, n (%) | Male | 172 (65.6) | 117 (62.6) | 55 (73.3) | 0.64** |
| Female | 90 (34.4) | 70 (37.4) | 20 (26.7) | ||
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Diabetes | 48 (18.3) | 30 (14.6) | 18 (32.1) | 0.003** | |
| Hypertension | 109 (41.6) | 69 (33.5) | 40 (71.4) | <0.001** | |
| Coronary artery disease | 78 (29.8) | 44 (21.4) | 34 (60.7) | <0.001*** | |
| Chronic lung disease | 40 (15.3) | 27 (13.1) | 13 (23.2) | 0.06** | |
| Chronic liver disease | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | |
| Chronic renal failure | 16 (6.1) | 7 (3.4) | 9 (16.1) | 0.002*** | |
| Malignancy | 7 (2.7) | 7 (3.4) | 0 (0) | 0.18*** | |
| Immunosuppression | 6 (2.3) | 6 (2.9) | 0 (0) | 0.23*** | |
| Post-partum | 2 (0.8) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | – | |
| Symptoms | Fever | 182 (69.5) | 142 (68.9) | 40 (71.4) | 0.72** |
| Cough | 159 (60.7) | 126 (61.2) | 33 (58.9) | 76** | |
| Dyspnea | 102 (38.9) | 80 (39%) | 22 (29.3) | 0.5** | |
| Myalgia | 29 (11.1) | 26 (12.6) | 3 (5.4) | 0.12** | |
| Symptom onset (days), median (IQR) | 4 (3–6) | 4 (3–7) | 4 (3–5) | 0.054* | |
| Hypoxia at admission | 160 (61.1) | 114 (55.3) | 46 (82.1) | <0.001** | |
| ICU admission (overall) | 64 (24.4) | 18 (8.7) | 46 (82.1) | <0.001⁎⁎ | |
| ICU admission from beginning of hospitalization | 19 (7.3) | 5 (2.4) | 14 (25) | <0.001⁎⁎ | |
| Intubation (overall) | 58 (22.1) | 7 (3.4) | 51 (91.1) | <0.001⁎⁎ | |
| Intubation (in the ED) | 9 (3.4) | 1 (0.5) | 8 (14.3) | <0.001⁎⁎⁎ | |
| Hospital stay | 8 (5–13) | 7 (5–11) | 13 (8–19) | <0.001⁎ | |
| Laboratory findings | WBC (*10^9/L), median (IQR) | 6.7 (4.8–9.6) | 6.3 (4.5–9) | 7.7 (6–12) | 0.007* |
| LYM% | 16 (9–23) | 17 (11–24) | 11 (6.4–19) | <0.001* | |
| Lymphocyte count (*10^9/L), median (IQR) | 0.96 (0.75–1.4) | 1 (0.77–1.4) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.03* | |
| Platelet count (*10^9/L), median (IQR) | 182 (145–247) | 186 (145–253) | 169 (132−222) | 0.11* | |
| LDH (U/L), median (IQR) | 676.5 (473.8–848.5) | 579 (431–761) | 836 (675–1115) | <0.001* | |
| CRP (mg/L), median (IQR) | 97 (43–156.5) | 87 (33–149) | 143 (100–180) | <0.001* | |
| ESR (mm/h), median (IQR) | 54.5 (35–83.2) | 53 (34–83) | 60 (46–84) | 0.32* | |
| AST (U/L), median (IQR) | 33.5 (24–53.75) | 30 (24–50) | 49 (33–78) | 0.001* | |
| ALT (U/L), median (IQR) | 28 (16.5–48) | 28 (16–43.7) | 35 (17–67) | 0.25* | |
| BUN (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 16 (12–23.4) | 15 (11−20) | 23 (14–29) | <0.001* | |
| Cr (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 1 (0.8–1.2) | 1 (0.8–1.1) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | <0.001* | |
| Hb (g/dL), median (IQR) | 13.85 (12.3–15) | 13.7 (12.2–14.9) | 14.3 (13–15.5) | 0.08* | |
*: Mann-Whitney U test, **: Chi Square test, ***: Fischer's exact test.
WBC: White blood count, LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase, CRP: C reactive protein, ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, AST: Aspartate aminotransferase, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, BUN: blood urea nitrogen, Cr: Serum creatinine, Hb: hemoglobin, LYM%: lymphocyte percentage.