Table 1.
3D printed constructs of various tissues.
| Tissue | Biomaterials | Cells | Printing Technology | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Respiratory | extracellular matrix (ECM) | EA.hy926 endothelial cells | extrusion printing | [43] | |
| Matrigel | A549 epithelial cells | ||||
| Hepatic | gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) | hiPSC-HPCs | digital-light processing (DLP) | [44] | |
| glycidol methacrylate-hyaluronic acid (GMHA) | |||||
| Bone | acrylated poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) | human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) | ink-jet | [45] | |
| Bone | polylactide (PLA) | FDM | [46] | ||
| GelMA | hMSCs | SLA | |||
| Bone | nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) | collagen | multipotent mouse bone marrow stromal cells (D1 cells) | laser-assisted printing | [47] |
| Ocular | recombinant human laminin human sourced collagen 1 | human embryonic stem cell derived limbal epithelial stem cells (hESC-LESC) human adipose tissue derived stem cells (hASCs) | laser-assisted printing | [48] | |
| Myocardial | poly-ethylene glycol-diacrylate (PAG-DA) | porcine aortic valve interstitial cells (PAVIC) | extrusion printing | [49] | |
| Alginate | |||||
| Myocardial | methacrylated collagen (MeCol) | human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) | ink-jet | [50] | |
| carbon nanotubes (CNTs) | |||||
| Alginate | |||||
| Vascular | Gelatin | human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) | extrusion printing | [51] | |
| Fibrinogen | human neonatal dermal fibroblasts (HNDFs) | ||||
| hMSCs |