Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Authors | Study Design | Setting | Samples | Age | Male (%) | Obesity | DM(%) | Hypertension (%) | Measured Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Argenziano, 2020 [29] | Observational retrospective | US | 850 (236 vs 614) | N/A (62 vs.64) Median | 60.1 (66.9 vs 57.5) | 38 (45.7 vs. 39.5) | 26 (42.8 vs 37.8) | 50.7 (66.9 vs. 59.8) | ICU Admission |
| Dreher M, 2020 [30] | Observational prospective | Germany | 50 (24 vs. 26) | 65 (62 vs. 68) Median | 66 (62 vs. 69) | 34 (46 vs. 23) | 58 (63 vs. 54) | 70 (67 vs. 73) | ARDS |
| Gregoriano, 2020 [31] | Observational retrospective | Switzerland | 99 (35 vs. 64) | 67 (69 vs. 63.5) Median | 63 (80 vs. 53) | 27 (34 vs. 23) | 22 (23 vs. 22) | 57 (54 vs. 58) | Severe COVID-19 |
| Hur K, 2020 [32] | Observational Prospective | US | 486 (138 vs. 348) | 59 (65 vs. 57) Median | 55.8 (63.8 vs. 52.6) | 34 (46 vs. 23) | 58 (63 vs. 54) | 70 (67 vs. 73) | Mechanical Ventilation |
| Kalligeros, 2020 [33] | Observational retrospective | US | 103 (44 vs. 59) | 60 (61.5 vs 57) Median | 61.2 (65.9 vs. 57.6) | 47.5 (56.8 vs. 40.6) | 36.8 (47.7 vs 28.8) | 64 (70.4 vs 59.3) | ICU Admission |
| Ortis-Brizuela, 2020 [34] | Observational Prospective | Mexico | 309 (140 vs. 169) | 43 (49 vs. 39) Median | 59.2 (60.7 vs. 58.0) | 39.6 (39.7 vs. 39.5) | 13.3 (22.9 vs. 5.3) | 19.7 (32.1 vs. 9.5) | Hospital Admission |
| Ortis-Brizuela, 2020 [34] | Observational Prospective | Mexico | 140 (29 vs. 111) | 43 (53 vs. 48) Median | 60.8 (69 vs. 58.9) | 35.7 (51.7 vs. 36.1) | 22.8 (41.4 vs. 18) | 32.1 (34.5 vs. 31.5) | ICU Admission |
| Petrilli, 2020 [35] | Observational Prospective | US | 2729 (990 vs. 1739) | 63 (68 vs. 60) median | 61.3 (66.3 vs. 58.4) | 39.6 (37.8 vs. 40.6) | 34.7 (39.3 vs. 32) | 62.0 (68.7 vs. 58.3) | ICU Admission |
| Simmonet A, 2020 [36] | Observational retrospective | French | 124 (85 vs. 39) | 60 (60 vs. 60) median | 73 (75 vs. 67) | N/A | 23 (27 vs. 13) | 49 (56 vs. 32) | Mechanical Ventilation |
| Suleyman, 2020 [37] | Observational retrospective | US | 463 (355 vs. 108) | 57.5 (61.4 vs. 44.8) Mean | 44.1 (46.5 vs. 36.1) | 76.8 (80.5 vs. 61.2) | 38.4 (43.4 vs 20.4) | 63.7 (72.7 vs 34.3) | Hospital Admission |
| Yu T, 2020 [38] | Observational retrospective | China | 95 (24 vs. 71) | 33.4 (45.92 vs. 35.73) Mean | 55.7 (58.3 vs. 54.9) | N/A | N/A | N/A | ARDS |
| Cao J, 2020 [39] | Observational Prospective | China | 102 (17 vs. 85) | 54 (72 vs. 53) Median | 52 (76.5 vs 47.1) | N/A | 10.8 (35.3 vs. 5.9) | 27.5 (64.7 vs. 20) | Mortality |
| Chen Q, 2020 [40] | Observational retrospective | China | 145 (43 vs. 102) | 47.5 (52.8 vs. 45.3) 47.5 median | 54.4 (53.5 vs. 54.9) | N/A | 9.6 (16.3 vs. 6.9) | 15.1 (20.9 vs. 12.7) | Severe COVID-19 |
| Li X, 2020 [41] | Observational Prospective | China | 548 (269 vs. 279) | 60 (65 vs. 56) Median | 50.9 (56.9 vs. 45.2) | N/A | 15.1 (19.3 vs. 11.1) | 30.3 (38.7 vs. 22.2 | Severe COVID-19 |
| Hu L, 2020 [42] | Observational retrospective | China | 323 (172 vs. 151) | 61 (N/A) | 51.4 (52.9 vs. 49.7) | 14.5 | 14.6 (19.1 vs. 9.3) | 32.5 (38.3 vs. 25.8) | Severe COVID-19 |
| Stavros, 2020 [43] | Observational retrospective | US | 124 (60 vs. 64) | 64.5 (61.4 vs 67.6) Mean | 61.2 (68.3 vs 54) | N/A | 29.8 (30 vs. 29.6 | 58 (50 vs. 65.6) | ICU Admission |
Data compared between poor outcome (+) and outcome (−) group. DM: Diabetes Mellitus type 2; US: United States ICU: Intensive Care Unit; ARDS: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; N/A: Not available.