Figure 7.

C. innocuum Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization and Wound-Healing Response in Progenitor Cells In Vitro

(A) Representative images of PBMC-derived macrophages after 24 h exposure to LPS, IL-4, C. innocuum lysates alone, and lysates from the consortium of CD-associated organisms including C. innocuum.

(B) Immunogenicity assay determining polarization of PBMC-derived macrophages upon exposure to C. innocuum lysates sourced from either CrF or CD MAT (strain CD-CrF B and CD-MAT C from Figure 3D) or a consortium of CD-associated organisms without C. innocuum.

(C) Co-culture of CrF-derived progenitor cells with C. innocuum lysate directly, or with conditioned media from macrophages exposed to C. innocuum lysates from (B). Gene expression was measured by qRT-PCR.

Error bars ± SEM. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test (D); ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001; ^∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.