Table 1.
Risk factors for concurrent endometrial cancer in patients with endometrial hyperplasia.
| All |
Concurrent cancer |
P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 211 | Yes (n = 43) | No (n = 168) | ||
| Age | 45.2 (±9.1) | 49.4 (±9.3) | 44.1 (±8.7) | 0.001 |
| <40 | 62 (29.4%) | 7 (16.3%) | 55 (32.7%) | |
| 40–59 | 133 (63.0%) | 29 (67.4%) | 104 (61.9%) | |
| ≥60 | 16 (7.6%) | 7 (16.3%) | 9 (5.4%) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.21 | |||
| Caucasian | 22 (10.4%) | 1 (2.3%) | 21 (12.5%) | |
| African American | 20 (9.5%) | 3 (7.0%) | 17 (10.1%) | |
| Hispanic | 156 (73.9%) | 36 (83.7%) | 120 (71.4%) | |
| Asian | 13 (6.2%) | 3 (7.0%) | 10 (6.0%) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 35.6 (±7.4) | 36.9 (±8.0) | 35.3 (±7.3) | 0.06 |
| <35 kg/m2 | 116 (55.0%) | 17 (39.5%) | 93 (55.4%) | |
| ≥35 kg/m2 | 95 (45.0%) | 26 (60.5%) | 75 (44.6%) | |
| Gravidity | 2 (0–13) | 2.5 (0–13) | 2 (0–9) | 0.89 |
| Multigravida | 158 (74.9%) | 31 (72.1%) | 128 (76.2%) | |
| Nulligravida | 53 (25.1%) | 12 (27.9%) | 40 (23.8%) | |
| Hypertension | 0.078 | |||
| No | 130 (61.6%) | 21 (48.8%) | 109 (64.9%) | |
| Yes | 81 (38.4%) | 22 (51.2%) | 59 (35.1%) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.017 | |||
| No | 159 (75.4%) | 26 (60.5%) | 133 (79.2%) | |
| Yes | 52 (24.6%) | 17 (39.5%) | 35 (20.8%) | |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 0.084 | |||
| No | 181 (85.8%) | 33 (76.7%) | 148 (88.1%) | |
| Yes | 30 (14.2%) | 10 (23.3%) | 20 (11.9%) | |
| Time interval (days)a | 105 (4–2514) | 96 (18–1503) | 109.5 (4–2514) | 0.07 |
| <105 days | 104 (49.3%) | 23 (53.5%) | 81 (48.2%) | |
| ≥105 days | 107 (50.7%) | 20 (46.5%) | 87 (51.8%) | |
| Hormonal therapy | 0.024c | |||
| No | 108 (51.2%) | 29 (69.0%) | 79 (48.2%) | |
| Yes (any) | 98 (46.4%) | 13 (31.0%) | 85 (51.8%) | |
| Megestrol acetate | 60 (28.4%) | 7 (53.8%) | 53 (62.4%) | |
| Medroxyprogesterone | 19 (9.0%) | 2 (15.4%) | 5 (5.9%) | |
| Levonorgestrel-releasing IUD | 8 (3.8%) | 0 | 8 (9.4%) | |
| Norethindrone acetate | 7 (3.3%) | 3 (23.1%) | 16 (18.8%) | |
| Otherb | 4 (1.9%) | 1 (7.7%) | 3 (3.5%) | |
| Unknown | 5 (2.4%) | 1 (2.3%) | 4 (2.4%) | |
| Initial hyperplasia type | 0.032 | |||
| SH/SAH | 24 (11.4%) | 1 (2.3%) | 23 (13.7%) | |
| CH | 58 (27.5%) | 9 (20.9%) | 49 (29.2%) | |
| CAH | 129 (61.1%) | 33 (76.7%) | 96 (57.1%) | |
| Methods of endometrial sampling | 0.76 | |||
| Pipelle | 142 (67.3%) | 29 (67.4%) | 113 (67.3%) | |
| Vacuum aspiration | 53 (25.1%) | 10 (23.3%) | 43 (25.6%) | |
| Dilation and curettage | 14 (6.6%) | 3 (7.0%) | 11 (6.5%) | |
| Unknown | 2 (0.9%) | 1 (2.3%) | 1 (0.6%) | |
Student t test (age), Mann–Whitney U test (time interval), chi-square test (initial hyperplasia type), or Fisher’s exact test (remaining variables) for p-values. Significant p-values are emboldened. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; IUD, intrauterine device; CAH, complex hyperplasia with atypia; CH, complex hyperplasia without atypia; SAH, simple hyperplasia with atypia; and SH, simple hyperplasia without atypia.
a
Time interval between endometrial biopsy for endometrial hyperplasia and hysterectomy.
b
Combination therapy.
c
Hormone therapy yes versus no for p-value. Mean (±SD), median (range), or number (%) is shown.