Table 1. Demographic, injury, and hospitalization characteristics of adult isolated chest wall injury patients on vs not on IVL infusion.

	IVL	No IVL
	Median (IQR) or Number (%)	Median (IQR) or Number (%)	p
	n = 226	n = 308
Demographic characteristics
Age	67.5 (56.3–81.0)	54.5 (41.8–65.0)	<0.001
Gender			0.009
Male	141 (62.4%)	226 (73.4%)
Female	85 (37.6%)	82 (26.6%)
Smoking status			<0.001
Active	28 (12.4%)	58 (18.8%)
Former	47 (20.8%)	42 (13.6%)
Never	143 (63.3%)	161 (52.3%)
Unknown	8 (3.5%)	47 (15.3%)
Injury characteristics
Injury severity score (ISS)			0.006
Moderate (ISS 9–15)	153 (67.7%)	244 (79.2%)
Major (ISS 16–25)	67 (29.6%)	61 (19.8%)
Severe (ISS 26–74)	6 (2.7%)	3 (1.0%)
Unsurvivable (ISS = 75)	0 (0%)	0 (0.0%)
Mechanism of injury			<0.001
Motor vehicle collision	56 (24.8%)	82 (26.6%)
Motorcycle collision	27 (11.9%)	50 (16.2%)
Pedestrian vs auto	7 (3.1%)	11 (3.6%)
Bicycle accident	25 (11.1%)	66 (21.4%)
Ground level fall	58 (25.7%)	37 (12.0%)
Fall from height	43 (19.0%)	42 (13.6%)
Other	10 (4.4%)	20 (6.5%)
Injuries
Number of rib fractures	6 (3–6)	5 (4–7)	<0.001
Sternal fracture	18 (8.0%)	29 (9.4%)	0.67
Clavicular fracture	31 (13.7%)	46 (14.9%)	0.79
Scapular fracture	25 (11.1%)	41 (13.3%)	0.52
Pulmonary contusion	82 (36.3%)	121 (39.3%)	0.54
Hospitalization characteristics
Length of stay	5 (3–8)	3 (2–4)	<0.001
Intensive care unit admission	172 (76.1%)	107 (34.7%)	<0.001
Pneumonia	15 (6.6%)	1 (0.3%)	<0.001
Discharge disposition			<0.001
Home	125 (55.3%)	245 (79.5%)
Skilled nursing facility	57 (25.2%)	30 (9.7%)
Rehab	4 (1.8%)	4 (1.3%)
Acute care hospital	32 (14.2%)	23 (7.5%)
Other	8 (3.5%)	6 (1.9%)
30-day readmission	5 (2.2%)	4 (1.3%)	0.50
Mortality	7 (3.1%)	2 (0.6%)	0.04

IVL = intravenous lidocaine, IQR = interquartile range.