Table 3. Determinants of PA time (in quartiles): Ordinal regression.
| Model 1, BMI category | Model 2, adjusted for socio-demographic factors | Model 3, adjusted for chronic pain profiles | Model 4, adjusted for psychological well-being | Model 5 Stratified by obesity | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI category (reference: normal weight) | |||||
| Underweight | 0.73 (0.42–1.26) NS | 0.71 (0.41–1.24) NS | 0.79 (0.42–1.49) NS | 0.76 (0.40–1.44) NS | NA |
| Overweight | 0.75 (0.65–0.88) *** | 0.83 (0.71–0.97) * | 0.86 (0.73–1.01) NS | 0.84 (0.71–1.00) NS | NA |
| Mild obesity | 0.53 (0.44–0.64) *** | 0.60 (0.49–0.72) *** | 0.64 (0.52–0.79) *** | 0.65 (0.53–0.81) *** | NA |
| Severe obesity | 0.45 (0.35–0.58) *** | 0.51 (0.39–0.66) *** | 0.54 (0.41–0.71) *** | 0.56 (0.42–0.74) *** | NA |
| Sex (reference: men) | 0.89 (0.77–1.04) NS | NA | NA | NS | |
| Age, years | 0.99 (0.99–1.0) ** | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) ** | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) * | 0.98 (0.97–1.00) * | |
| Born outside Europe | 0.55 (0.45–0.67) *** | 0.64 (0.51–0.79) *** | 0.60 (0.47–0.76) *** | NS | |
| University/college | 1.49 (1.29–1.73) *** | 1.34 (1.14–1.58) *** | 1.37 (1.16–1.61) *** | 1.98 (1.37–2.87) *** | |
| Working/Study | 1.36 (1.20–1.56) *** | 1.30 (1.13–1.50) *** | 1.13 (0.97–1.32) NS | NS | |
| Pain intensity (NRS-7 days) | 0.92 (0.88–0.96) *** | 0.94 (0.90–0.99) * | 0.88 (0.79–0.98) * | ||
| Pain distribution (PRI) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) ** | 0.98 (0.98–0.99) ** | NS | ||
| Pain-duration, months | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) NS | NA | NS | ||
| Constant pain (yes = 1) | 1.02 (0.84–1.23) NS | NA | NS | ||
| HADS-anxiety | 1.05 (1.03–1.08) *** | 1.08 (1.03–1.13) ** | |||
| HADS-depression | 0.95 (0.93–0.98) *** | 0.92 (0.88–0.97) ** | |||
| Insomnia index (ISI) | 1.0 (0.99–1.02) NS | 1.03 (1.01–1.06) * | |||
| RAND-36 MCS | 1.0 (1.00–1.01) NS | NS | |||
| MPI-Distress | 0.94 (0.86–1.03) NS | NS | |||
| MPI-LifeCon | 1.16 (1.06–1.26) ** | NS | |||
| Nagelkerke R2 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.09 |
NS: not significant. NA: not applicable
* P < 0.05
** P < 0.01
*** P < 0.001.
Variables removed (NA) in Model 2–4: covariates were removed from the current model if P value >0.1 from the prior model; variable removed (NA) in Model 5: stratification by BMI ≥30kg/m2.