Figure 19.

Overview of breast lumen models. (A) Schematic of breast cancer progression and metastasis. (B) 2D/3D lumen interface models. (i) a. Schematic illustration of a mammary duct b. Photograph of the 3D in vitro mammary duct remodeling model, c. Top and cross-sectional views of the microfluidic device²⁰³. (ii) Schematic of DCIS. This model used DCIS spheroids and a fibroblasts stromal layer on opposing sides of an ECM-derived membrane that mimics a basement membrane in vivo²⁰². (iii) Microfluidic tumor-vascular interface model. (Top left) Endothelial channel(green), tumor channel (red), and 3D ECM (dark gray) between the two channels. (Scale bar: 2 mm) (Top right) Phase contrast images showing the fibrosarcoma cells (HT1080, red) invading through the ECM (grey) toward the endothelium (MVEC, green). (Bottom) A single 3D ECM hydrogel matrix region is outlined with the white dashed square. (Scale bar: 300μm). ⁵⁸ (C) 3D tubular lumen models. (iv)Cross-sectional view of normal MCF7 ducts and hyperplastic lumens after exposure to E2 Scale bars are 100 μm¹⁴. (v) Transition from DCIS lumen models to invasive ductal carcinoma models. Copyright (2012) National Academy of Sciences for top-right images, ref 58. Reproduced from ref. 203 with permission from Springer Nature, copyright 2018.