Table 4.
Summary of microfluidic renal tubule models.
| Organ geometry | Cell type | Targeted application | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2D channel | HK-2 MDCK RPTEC |
-Effect of shear stress on renal epithelia morphology, cell adhesion, and ammonia metabolism -Kidney injury and inflammation due to excessive shear stress -Liver-kidney crosstalk in nephrotoxicity |
132, 133, 137, 150, 186 |
| 2D membrane | ARPC GEC HK-2 IMCD |
-Effect of oxidative stress on cell viability -Recapitulation of solute transport mechanisms -Artificial dialyzer for filtration of metabolites and reabsorption of nutrients -Nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin -Intestine-kidney crosstalk in nephrotoxicity |
138, 142, 144, 146, 151, 153 |
| Cell-lined channel | MDCK | -Mimicry of passive diffusion in the nephron. | 139 |
| Cell-free channel | -Dynamics of calcium oxalate deposition in kidney stone formation | 156 | |
| Lumen (squarea) | RPTEC | -Solute transport and expression of relevant proximal tubule markers | 141 |
| Lumen (circularb) | ciPTEC NEnC TEnC RPTEC |
-Clearance of uremic toxins -Recapitulation of solute transport and homeostasis -Screening of nephrotoxicity compounds -Kidney stone formation -Drug testing against clear cell renal cell carcinoma |
65, 143, 148, 152, 157, 160 |
a
Lumen with a square cross-section
b
Lumen with a circular cross-section
ARPC – tubular adult renal stem/progenitor cell
ciPTEC – conditionally immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cell
GEC – glomerular endothelial cell
HK-2 – human kidney-2 cell line
IMCD – inner medullary collecting duct cell from rat kidney
MDCK – Madin-Darby canine kidney cell
NEnC – normal endothelial cell from kidney cancer patient
RPTEC – renal proximal tubule epithelial cell
TEnC – tumor endothelial cell from kidney cancer patient