Table 2.

COVID-19 outbreak and sleep

	Pre-COVID-19	COVID-19
	n = 71	n = 71	Change	p value
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
PSQI	5.45 (3.14)	6.18 (3.03)	0.73 (3.01)	0.035
Subjective sleep quality	1.13 (0.67)	1.20 (0.67)	0.07 (0.78)	0.442
Sleep latency	1.07 (0.90)	1.34 (0.92)	0.27 (0.96)	0.028
Sleep duration	0.83 (0.61)	0.72 (0.66)	− 0.11 (0.75)	0.207
Sleep efficiency	0.34 (0.77)	0.55 (0.82)	0.21 (0.91)	0.090
Sleep disturbance	1.21 (0.56)	1.20 (0.43)	− 0.01 (0.62)	0.860
Sleep medication intake	0.24 (0.73)	0.35 (0.83)	0.11 (0.77)	0.283
Daytime dysfunction	0.63 (0.68)	0.83 (0.79)	0.2 (0.84)	0.057
ESS	6.23 (2.64)	5.75 (2.99)	− 0.48 (2.33)	0.127
SATED	7.25 (1.95)	7.70 (1.99)	0.45 (2.44)	0.110

ESS, Modified Epworth Sleepiness Scale; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SATED, Satisfaction Alertness Timing Efficiency Duration; SD, standard deviation