Table 2. Aggravation and alleviation pathologies in SMS-KO mice.
| Disease | References | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| SMS1-KO | |||
| Aggravation | |||
| Metabolic abnormality (moderate neonatal lethality, body weight loss) | 104 | ||
| Lipodystrophy | 105 | ||
| Deafness | 110 | ||
| Thrombasthenia | 111 | ||
| Male infertility | 106 | ||
| Alleviation | |||
| Hepatitis | 113 | ||
| Inflammatory response by T cells | 114 | ||
| Systematic lupus erythematosus | 115 | ||
| Atherosclerosis | 103 | ||
| Virus infection & Encephalitis (Japanese encephalitis virus) | 96 | ||
| SMS2-KO | |||
| Aggravation | |||
| COPD by smoking cigarette | 127 | ||
| Atopic dermatitis | 131 | ||
| FASD | 137 | ||
| Depression-like tendency | 136 | ||
| Alleviation | |||
| Atherosclerosis | 116,117 | ||
| Pulmonary edema | 121 | ||
| Colitis & colitis-associated cancer | 122 | ||
| Brain injury by cerebral I/R | 107 | ||
| Obesity, T2D | 101,102,108,126 | ||
| Liver steatosis | 103 | ||
| Cancer metastasis (lymphoma infiltration) | 94 | ||
| SMS1/SMS2 double KO in osteoblasts | |||
| Aggravation | |||
| Osteoporosis/skeletal dysplasia | 141 | ||
| SMSr-KO | |||
| None of pathological phenotypes | 20,95 | ||
SMS, sphingomyelin synthase; KO, knockout; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FASD, feral alcohol spectrum disorder; I/R, ischemic reperfusion; T2D, type 2 diabetes.