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. 2020 Sep 28;10:15887. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72429-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Swimming motility on 0.2% agarose. (a) Motility of W3110 (left) and ATCC10798 (right) cells on 0.2% (wt/vol) soft-agarose plates after incubation at 30 °C for 7 h. (b) Magnified images of the i, ii, and iii spots shown in (a). These experiments were conducted on the same plate. Scale bars, 1 cm (a) and 50 μm (b). (c) Top: Schematic representation of the observation of bacterial swimming motility in a 0.2% soft agarose pad. Bottom: Schematic representation of W3110 cells swimming in a medium containing 0.2% agarose. (d) Sequential images of W3110 cell migration in 0.2% agarose. Arrows indicate bacterial swimming direction after reversal, angle changes were approximately of 180 degrees each. Scale bar, 5 μm. (e) Typical examples of swimming trajectories with turning events. Black dots indicate the moments where reversals have taken place. Intervals, 20 ms. (f) Histogram of the switching angles observed in W3110 cells swimming in a 0.2% agarose medium (n = 183).