Table 3.
miRNA expression changes in psychiatric disorders based on postmortem brain studies.
| Disease | Brain areas | Sample size | Methods | miRNA expression changes | Successfully validated miRNAs by qPCR | miRNA roles and other findings | Citations | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Up-regulation | Down-regulation | |||||||
| SCZ | Amygdala | 22 SCZ and 24 Controls | miRNA-seq | miR-196a-2, -1975, -34c, -451, -34a, -375, -144 | miR-663, -639, -132, -124-2, -212, -483, -886, -585, -424, -520d, -1307 | miR-1307 locus included rs11191419 previously reported in GWAS | (73) | |
| BA9 | 13 SCZ, 2 schizoaffective, and 21 Controls | Microarray | miR-106b | miR-26b, -30b, -29b, -195, -92, -30a-5p, -30d, -20b, -29c, -29a, -212, -7, -24, -30e, -9-3p | miR-26b, -30b, -92, -24, -30e | (93) | ||
| BA9 | 35 SCZ, 33 BD, and 33 Controls | qPCR | 19% of 234 miRNAs and 18 small nucleolar RNAs were changed due to SCZ or BD | (94) | ||||
| BA9 | 8 SCZ, 9 BD, and 13 Controls | Microarray | miR-497 | miR-497 | Exosome sample | (95) | ||
| BA9 | 15 SCZ and 15 Controls | Microarray | Let-7d, miR-101, -105, -126*, -128a, -153, -16, -181a, -181d, -184, -199a, -20a, -219, -223, -27a, -29c, -302a*, -302b*, -31, -33, -338, -409-3p, -512-3p, -519b, -7 | Let-7d, miR-128a, -16, -181b, -181a, -20a, -219, -27a, -29c, -7 | Primary- and precursor-miR-181b and miRNA biogenesis-related enzymes were altered | (96) | ||
| BA46 | 35 SCZ, 35 BD, and 35 Controls | TLDA | miR-34a, -132, -132*, -212, -544, -7, -154* | (97) | ||||
| BA46 | 37 SCZ/schizoaffective and 37 Controls | Microarray | miR-519c, -489-3p, -652, -382, -532, -199a*, -17-5p, -542-3p, -199b, -592, -495, 487a, -425-5p, -152, -148b, -134, -150, -105, -187, -154, -767-5p, -548b, -590, -502, -452*, -25, -328, -92b, -433, -222 | miR-512-3p, -423, -193a | miR-17, -107, -134, -328, -382, -652 | miRNA biogenesis-related enzymes were upregulated | (98) | |
| BA46 | 35 SCZ, 32 BD, and 34 Controls | qPCR | miR-346 | (99) | ||||
| BA46 | 34 SCZ and 109 Controls | miRNA-seq | miR-3162, -936 | The correlation-based hierarchical clustering analysis made nine miRNA groups | (100) | |||
| dlPFC | 35 SCZ, 31 BD, and 34 Controls | Microarray | miR-132, -132* | miR-132 was downregulated by NMDA antagonist in mice study | (101) | |||
| dlPFC and several regions | 1st set (7 SCZ, 9 BD, and 10 Controls) 2nd set (35 SCZ, 34 BD, and 35 Controls) |
qPCR | miR-137 was not significantly changed | (102) | ||||
| STG | 15 SCZ and 15 Controls | Microarray | 59 of 274 (21%) miRNAs | let-7e, miR-107, -15a, -15b, -16, -195, -181b, -20a, -26b, -19a | (96) | |||
| STG | 21 SCZ and 21 Controls | Microarray | let-7g, miR-181b | miR-181b | Visinin-like protein 1 (VSNL1, NM_003385) and Glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2 (GRIA2, NM_000826) genes are potential target of miR-181b | (103) | ||
| MDD | ACC | 15 MDD, 8 BD, and 14 Controls | qPCR | miR-34a, -184 | (104) | |||
| BA44 | 14 MDD and 11 Controls | qPCR | miR-1202 | miR-1202 regulates the expression of Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (GRM4, NM_000841) and predicts antidepressant response | (105) | |||
| BA46 | 15 MDD and 15 Controls | qPCR | miR-124-3p | (106) | ||||
| BD | ACC | 15 MDD, 8 BD, and 14 Controls | qPCR | miR-34a, -132 -133a, -212 | There was inverse correlation between nuclear receptor coactivator 1 (NCOA1, NM_003743) and miRNA-34a | (104) | ||
| ACC | 5 BD and 6 Controls | qPCR | miR-149 | Glial cell derived exosome samples | (107) | |||
| BA9 | 8 SCZ, 9 BD, and 13 Controls | Microarray | miR-29c | miR-29c | Exosome samples | (95) | ||
| BA46 | 35 SCZ, 35 BD, and 35 Controls | TLDA | miR-22, -133b, -145, -145*, -154*, -504, -889 | miR-29a, -32, -140-3p, -454*, -520c-3p, -573, -767-5p, -874 | (97) | |||
| BA46 | 35 SCZ, 32 BD, and 34 Controls | qPCR | miR-346 was not significantly changed | (99) | ||||
| BA46 | 1st set (7 SCZ, 9 BD, and 10 Controls) 2nd set (35 SCZ, 34 BD, and 35 Controls) |
qPCR | miR-137 was not significantly changed | (102) | ||||
| dlPFC | 35 SCZ, 31 BD, and 34 Controls | Microarray | miR-32, -188-5p, -187, -196b, -297, -383, -490-5p, -449b, -513-5p, -876-3p | (101) | ||||
| Hippocampus dentate gyrus granule cells | 15 SCZ, 15 MDD, 15 BD, and 15 Controls | RNA-seq | miR-182 was not significantly changed | Genotype of rs76481776 affects the miR-1842 expression | (108) | |||
| Cerebellum | 29 BD and 34 Controls | qPCR | miR-34a | Upregulation was also confirmed in induced neurons from human fibroblast | (109) | |||
ACC, Anterior Cingulate Cortex; BA, Brodmann area; BD, Bipolar Disorder; dlPFC, Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex; miRNA, microRNA; MDD, Major Depressive Disorder; SCZ, Schizophrenia; STG, Superior Temporal Gyrus; TLDA, TaqMan Low Density Arrays.