Table 1.
The included studies for systematic review (*Not included studies in the meta-analysis).
| Study | Study design | Participant condition and number | Average age of participants | Intervention | Control | Accumulative hours of mindfulness intervention practice | BDNF baseline and post-intervention | BDNF change from baseline comparing intervention and control (effect size, SE) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MINDFULNESS BASED EXERCISE | ||||||||
| Lee et al. (2014) | Parallel RCT | low back pain with depression N = 25 | 40.5 F 100% | Yoga | Regular lifestyle | 1 h X 3 times/week X 12 weeks = 36 h | Serum, ng/ml baseline 23.97 post 30.39 | 1.52 (0.46) Intervention increase more than control |
| Ikai et al. (2014) | Parallel RCT | Schizophrenia N = 50 | 52.8 F 35% | Yoga + standard treatment | Standard treatment | 1 h X 1 times/week × 8 weeks = 8 h | Plasma ng/ml baseline 0.149 post 0.190 | −0.06 (0.28) intervention increase less than control |
| Naveen et al. (2016) | Parallel RCT | Depression N = 44 | 33.5 F 45% | Yoga + standard treatment | standard treatment | 1 h X 1 times/week × 12 weeks =12 h | Plasma ng/ml baseline 0.203 post 0.214 | 0.74 (0.34) Intervention increase more than control |
| Tolahunase et al. (2018) | Parallel RCT | Depression N = 58 | 39.4 F 15% | Yoga + standard treatment | Standard treatment | 120 min × 12 weeks = 168 h | Serum, ng/ml baseline 13.5 post 18.6 | 1.01 (0.28) Intervention increase more than control |
| Sungkarat et al. (2018) | Parallel RCT | Mild cognitive impairment N = 66 | 67.5 F 80% | Tai Chi | Regular lifestyle | 50 min × 3 times/week × 24 weeks = 60 h | Plasma, ng/ml baseline 0.1123 post 0.385 | 0.12 (0.24) Intervention increase more than control |
| MINDFULNESS MEDITATION AND DERIVATIVES | ||||||||
| Gagrani et al. (2018) | Parallel RCT | primary angle glaucoma N = 60 | 57.28 F 42% | Meditation | Regular lifestyle | 45 min × 7 times/week × 6 weeks = 31.5 h | Serum, ng/ml baseline 52.24 Post 63.25 | 0.13 (0.25) Intervention increase more than control |
| Ledreux et al. (Ledreux et al., 2019) | Parallel RCT | Healthy N =78 | 72.9 F=70% | Meditation | Regular lifestyle | 3 h per weeks × 5 week = 15 h | Serum, ng/ml baseline 26.60 post 26.59 | 1.18 (0.69–1.16) Intervention decrease less than control |
| Nery et al. (2019) | Parallel RCT | Infertility with anxiety N =62 | 37.2 F 100% | Meditation | Regular lifestyle | 2 h per week for 8 weeks = 16 h | Serum, ng/ml baseline 84.64 post 91.92 | 0.58 (0.21) Intervention increase more than control |
| (Håkansson et al., 2016)* | Crossover trial control trial | Healthy N = 57 | 70.2 F 58% | Mindfulness practice | Physical exercise, Cognitive training | 35 min | Serum, ng/ml Pre-crossing 21.6 Post 21.05 | −0.55 (1.27) Mindfulness and cognitive training did not change while physical exercise increase |
| (Montero-Marin et al., 2019)* | Parallel RCT | Fibromyalgia N = 24 | 53.05 F 100% | Attachment-based compassion therapy (ABCT) | Relaxation technique | 2 h per week × 8 weeks + 2 h per month × 3 months = 32 h | Serum, ng/ml, baseline 23.03 post 16.03 | −1.56 (0.4) Intervention decrease more than control |
| Siang Ng et al. (2020)* | Parallel RCT | Mild cognitive impairment N = 55 | 71.28 F 70% | Mindfulness Awareness Practice (MAP) | Health education Program | 1 h per week × 12 weeks + 1 h per month x 6 months =18 h | Serum, log transformation adjusted mean baseline 7.238 post 6.323 | −1.61 (0.31) BDNF decrease in both intervention and control group. |
*
Not include in met analysis.