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. 2020 Sep 28;6(9):e05036. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05036

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© 2020 The Author(s)

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

The anaerobic co-digestion (ACD) of the different biological hydrolysis-pretreated (BH-P) mixtures (w/w) of rice straw (RS) and Ulva spp. (U) under thalassic (TH) condition, showing the (a) cumulative biogas production, (b) methane production rate, and (c) TMY, AMY and EMY. The BH-P was performed for 3 days using the hydrolytic bacteria (HB) inoculum developed for TH conditions. The measurement of the (a) cumulative biogas production and (b) methane production rate of the TH BH-P of 100% U (), 75U:25RS (), 50U:50RS (), 25U:75RS (), and 100% RS () was done until biogas production stopped. The (c) AMY (), TMY (), and EMY () of the TH BH-P of 100% U, 75U:25RS, 50U:50RS, 25U:75RS, and 100% RS were compared, while indicating the salinity () of the ACD batch digesters (n = 3, error bar = s.d.). The AMY, EMY and TMY were computed using Eqs. (1), (2), and (3), respectively. The results showed that AMY of 50U:50RS was the highest, but comparable to 75U:25RS (P = 0.181). However, only the AMY of 50U:50RS (P = 0.003) and 25U:75RS (P = 0.009) was significantly higher than their EMY, indicating that the higher AMY of 50:50 was due to the synergistic effect in AD.

The anaerobic co-digestion (ACD) of the different biological hydrolysis-pretreated (BH-P) mixtures (w/w) of rice straw (RS) and Ulva spp. (U) under thalassic (TH) condition, showing the (a) cumulative biogas production, (b) methane production rate, and (c) TMY, AMY and EMY. The BH-P was performed for 3 days using the hydrolytic bacteria (HB) inoculum developed for TH conditions. The measurement of the (a) cumulative biogas production and (b) methane production rate of the TH BH-P of 100% U (), 75U:25RS (), 50U:50RS (), 25U:75RS (), and 100% RS () was done until biogas production stopped. The (c) AMY (), TMY (), and EMY () of the TH BH-P of 100% U, 75U:25RS, 50U:50RS, 25U:75RS, and 100% RS were compared, while indicating the salinity () of the ACD batch digesters (n = 3, error bar = s.d.). The AMY, EMY and TMY were computed using Eqs. (1), (2), and (3), respectively. The results showed that AMY of 50U:50RS was the highest, but comparable to 75U:25RS (P = 0.181). However, only the AMY of 50U:50RS (P = 0.003) and 25U:75RS (P = 0.009) was significantly higher than their EMY, indicating that the higher AMY of 50:50 was due to the synergistic effect in AD.