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. 2020 Sep 15;11:574851. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.574851

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Copyright © 2020 Li, Wang, Liu, Lu, Zhou, Wang and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Development periods of larvae to pupae after feeding with different artificial feeds. The “1st” represents the 1st instar larval stage, “2nd” represents the 2nd instar larval stage, “3rd” represents the 3rd instar larval stage, “4th” represents the 4th instar larval stage, and “Pupae” represents the entire pupal stage. Line bars represent standard error of the mean. Bars with different letters are significantly different (Tukey–Kramer tests, P < 0.05). Sample size for each treatment = 30.