Table 2.

Blockchain for major supply chain functions.

Functional aspects of SC	Details
Supply chain resilience	-Reduces the impacts of disruptions by applying “preventive and proactive” measures for risk management and providing multilayer protection for SC network -The structural design of blockchain helps capture both the organizational and network risks
Supply chain provenance	-Helps in granular provenance of physical products, which are produced and transported in complex, inter-organizational, or internationally spanning SCs -Provides certifiability, traceability, verifiability and tractability of the product information
Supply chain reengineering	-Enhances the transparency and visibility of SC and enables process automation -Eeliminates intermediaries and enables real time tracking through traceability, privacy and data management techniques
Security enhancement	-Enables authentication, confidentiality, privacy and access control of data, and integrity assurance in the services -Integrating with IoT and RFID, blockchain helps in enhancing security, consensus mechanism for dynamic data storage, transparency and data protection, reliability and cost management
Business process management	-Enables efficient business process management through smart contracting by compiling the control flow and business logic of interorganizational business processes -Effectively used for asset management and customer-order-process management which improves the efficiency, traceability and visibility of orders
Product management	-Improves cycle time, productivity and quality, and enables product differentiation through its integration with SCs. -Helps in product deletion and price tracking during the product distribution in the end to end SCs