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. 2020 Sep 29;142:102067. doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2020.102067

Table 6.

Blockchain adoption challenges in supply chain systems.

Challenges Explanation
Organizational requirement and readiness
  • Lack of understanding of benefits and technicalities involved.

  • Limited knowledge of the complex technology

  • Still an emerging technology and hence not many successful implementation references are available

  • A perception that most problems can be solved using traditional information and database systems and there is no need for blockchain.

Data collection and management
  • Assuring integrity of input data is a difficult task

  • Convincing all stakeholders to share information is a challenge

  • Organization of such huge amounts of data and making an efficient use of it is a problem

Interoperability of systems
  • Multiple efforts are being taken in silos and various blockchain systems are being developed. Standardization of all these and ensuring a smooth interoperability is a must

  • Otherwise it will make things very complicated and difficult instead of making it simpler.

Cost, security, privacy and legal concerns
  • Organization wide technology change and adoption is a costly and time consuming

  • Privacy and security of models and data needs to be ensured as the technology is still very immature and vulnerable

  • Regulatory uncertainty can cause a lot of unwanted complications

  • Potential for organization wide hit if the system fails

  • Blockchain should be applied selectively after weighing in the economics of implementation in terms of both cost and risk

Transition and integration of people, processes and technology
  • It is a huge change in all aspects of an existing business.

  • Large numbers of stakeholders are involved and changing age old mind-sets, culture and work methodologies are a big issue.

  • There can be conflicting objectives for different stakeholders.

  • Intermediators involved at various levels might be eliminated which can create rifts.

  • Uncertainty and lack of awareness hampers acceptance.

  • A perception that block chain implementation might lead to loss of jobs