Table 9.
Summary of the papers studied: Blockchain technology for different industries and social sectors.
| No. | Authors | Major scope/study purpose of the paper |
|---|---|---|
| Blockchain in food and agriculture supply chains | ||
| 95 | Astill et al (2019) | The paper illustrates the application of Block chain as one of the enabling technology for increasing the transparency, traceability and sustainability in Food SCs. The requirements to be addressed and challenges faced during the implementation are also highlighted. |
| 96 | Bumblauskas et al (2019) | The paper illustrates an implementation of traceability in egg distribution SC using blockchain and IoT. |
| 97 | Chan et al (2019) | The paper develops a framework for making the agri-food sector SC more traceable and transparent. It also recommended the use of permissioned blockchain above permission less one. |
| 98 | Galvez et al (2018) | Food traceability is one of the major steps for building customer trust and upholding the quality standards. The article focuses on the future implementation and challenges which could arise by using blockchain for improving the source traceability in food SC. |
| 99 | Kamble et al. (2019a) | The paper identifies 13 enablers that encourage the adoption of the blockchain in agriculture SCs and establishes the causal relationships between them using Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) methodology. |
| 100 | Kittipanya-ngam and Tan (2020) | The article explores the procedures, barriers and benefits faced by food manufacturers in digitizing their SC. It also provided a framework for digitisation and provides the impact analysis of the same. |
| 101 | Kshetri (2019) | It focuses on how blockchain can be used to address food safety issues. It can be used to track products, exchange information between parties and handle critical situations. |
| 102 | Leng et al (2018) | In this paper, blockchain is implemented on a double chain structure which helps increase openness and security of transactions, privacy of enterprise information and can achieve seeking and matching of resources for all the stakeholders in agriculture sector. |
| 103 | Lin et al (2019) | It highlights that blockchain is a necessary technology for food SC to efficiently detect and prevent safety issues and trace the accountability. Blockchain enhances food security due to its features like smart contract, consensus algorithm and irreversible time vector. |
| 104 | Longo et al. (2019a) | The paper proposes for design and frequency of updating of the data to be stored on an Ethereum blockchain for traceability and explores the cost in a transaction from dairy farms to end consumers in a fresh milk processing SC. |
| 105 | Mao et al (2018) | This paper aims to solve the problem of information asymmetry by proposing a credit evaluation based on blockchain system which will improve the management and supervision in food SC. |
| 106 | Mondal et al (2019) | The paper discusses a “proof-of-object“ authentication protocol, blockchain based IoT for a food chain. The blockchain provides authenticate history of products, which can then be used by the interested parties to gain the correct information. |
| 107 | Pearson et al (2019) | The authors propose that blockchain DLT technique can be used to securely link all the actors of the entire food SC from the source to the consumer. This can help eliminate food adulteration, ensure high resolution of food safety issues, improve management of quality issues and reduce the social chaos caused by uncoordinated issues. |
| 108 | Reddy et al (2019) | It recommends that blockchain as a solution improves the visibility across the SC from farm to store thereby improving the quality, eliminating the intervention of middlemen and improving the efficiency in Indian agricultural economy. |
| 109 | Salah et al (2019) | The paper proposes a solution leveraging Ethereum blockchain and smart contracts to improve transparency and traceability in Soya bean SC in a secure, reliable and efficient manner. |
| 110 | Sander et al (2018) | Blockchain implementation is assessed through survey reports from customers with a team of the firm's retail manager and the blockchain provider to understand the feasibility of its implementation. |
| 111 | Scuderi et al (2019) | This article states that the agri SC developed today is extremely complex and needs to be digitized and improved with blockchain. Blockchain will bring not only transparency but also help to maintain fair relationship between the small farmers and big buyers and democratize the supply process. |
| 112 | Thiruchelvam et al (2018) | The paper analyses the potential of blockchain for providing secure, accurate and real-time cost-efficient SC that will help in fair trade of coffee SC. |
| Blockchian in healthcare supply chains | ||
| 113 | Clark and Burstall (2018) | It states that blockchain can be used for enforcing anti-counterfeit manufacturing/ distribution of drugs using traceability and authenticity of pharma SC. Also, its application involves IP protection and registration in pharmaceutical industries to authenticate licensing and provide evidence in case of a legal battle. |
| 114 | Drosatos and Kaldoudi (2019) | This study focuses on various issues in the biomedical domain and how they can be solved using blockchain. |
| 115 | Jamil et al (2019) | The paper discusses the use of hyperledger fabric based on blockchain to enhance the medical SC and drug records. Smart records are used to maintain transparency. Hyperledger caliper is used to benchmark the system designed. |
| 116 | Jayaraman et al (2019) | The authors claim that fragmented nature of the healthcare SC sector causes errors and difficulties in maintaining transparency in processes. IoT and blockchain combined can help to track products in a better and efficient manner. |
| 117 | Kirkner (2018) | It states that blockchain technology improves data management by providing faster access to more secure data and ensuring privacy of data, improves patient experience by providing individualistic advices, protects against counterfeit and fraud and helps make the healthcare system more robust. |
| 118 | Mackey and Nayyar (2017) | It states how blockchain can help solve the problem of trade in fake medicines in the pharmaceutical industry. |
| 119 | Mackey et al (2019) | Adoption challenges for blockchain technology in healthcare sector are studied and found to be interoperability, scalability, managing storage capabilities, social acceptance and standardization challenges. |
| 120 | Mattke et al. (2019) | In this paper, authors provide several examples on how blockchain is helping pharmaceutical SC and subsequent benefits for the healthcare industry. |
| 121 | Padmavathi and Rajagopalan (2019) | In this paper, authors propose a framework for using blockchain technology for cold chain pharmaceutical products. |
| 122 | Radanović and Likić (2018) | Blockchain is used to improve patient outcomes, lower costs, enhance compliance and ensure security, transparency and better use of healthcare data. |
| 123 | Srivastava et al (2019) | The focus of this paper is on blockchain implementation and applications in pharmaceutical industry based on detailed secondary research. |
| 124 | Sylim et al (2018) | The paper focuses on the development and testing of a pharma surveillance blockchain system which will enhance sharing of information across drug distribution network. |
| 125 | Tseng et al (2018) | This paper aims to create transparent drug transaction data using a Gcoin blockchain with inputs from all the stakeholders in the entire SC. |
| 126 | Yong et al (2019) | Here, blockchain implementation with machine learning technology is utilized to create a “vaccine blockchain” that could help in countering issues like vaccine expiration and record fraud. |
| Blockchain in shipping and maritime | ||
| 127 | Gausdal et al (2018) | The paper explores the feasibility, challenges and possibilities of applying blockchain technology to enhance maritime experience. |
| 128 | Grzelakowski (2019) | In this paper, authors discuss the use of blockchain for container shipment in maritime industry. |
| 129 | Hasan et al (2019) | The authors propose that block chain-based solution with IoT enabled smart containers; Smart contracts can be used to manage shipments, automate payments, track violations and make the whole SC efficient. |
| 130 | Jugović et al (2019) | In this paper, authors show that the possible application and advantages of blockchain in maritime industry. |
| 131 | Komathy (2018) | It states that blockchain can be incorporated in the cargo shipping sector to create a verifiable and distributed blockchain shipping system to integrate and interconnect all the business activities (finance, banking, IoT, SC, manufacturing, insurance) in the view of a shipment. |
| 132 | Philipp et al (2019) | The paper discusses how blockchain technology enables the Small and Medium Enterprises (SME's) to be integrated into the complex multimodal and transnational SC. |
| 133 | Yang (2019) | This paper studies the potential applications, future improvements and factors influencing the intentions to adopt blockchain-based technologies in maritime shipping SCs. |
| Integration with IoT and industry 4.0 | ||
| 134 | Benčić et al. (2019) | In this paper, authors use the amalgamation of distributed ledger technology and IoT in SCM. |
| 135 | Cho et al (2017) | It introduces an efficient method of rule-based voting for non-dependent transaction to overcome low throughput of transactions and block generation rate. |
| 136 | Gromovs and Lammi (2017) | This paper talks about the need to revamp logistics education to include emerging technologies like blockchain and IoT. |
| 137 | Kshetri (2017b) | It says IoT can be improved by application of blockchain due to its tamper-proof nature and efficient identity and access management. |
| 138 | Maiti et al. (2019) | The article determines the benefit of blockchain implementation for measuring service quality in an IIoT monitoring infrastructure, using a finite series blockchain. |
| 139 | Qiao et al (2018) | The paper investigates the ability of blockchain to enhance security in dynamic data storage, to reject tampering by unauthorized users and ensure safe and traceable transactions. |
| 140 | Rejeb et al (2019) | The paper provides propositions on how blockchain technology can affect IoT. With the increase in the complexity of the SC, the verification of the source and transparency of products become problematic. Pairing of blockchain technology and IoT can better the SC performance. |
| 141 | Tang and Veelenturf (2019) | In this paper, authors mention how different technologies including blockchain can help improving industry 4.0 and other logistics services. |
| Blockchain in finance sector | ||
| 142 | Alkhodre et al (2019) | This article discusses the blockchain implementation for developing the new VAT structure for Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. |
| 143 | Bogucharskov et al (2018) | It shows how blockchain implementation in trade finance can help reduce processing time for documents, increases number of participants, enhances transparency and reduces transaction costs. |
| 144 | Notheisen et al (2017) | It proposes that the transaction of assets like cars, lemons etc can be automated and transparent, tamper-proof records of all information can be achieved using blockchain. |
| 145 | Wamba et al (2018) | This article analyses the applications, the advantages and the predicaments of Blockchain in Fintech SC. |
| Sustainability in supply chain | ||
| 146 | Kouhizadeh and Sarkis (2018) | The paper tries to understand the feasibility of integration blockchain with green SC and help advance the discussion. |
| 147 | Kouhizadeh et al (2019) | Linkages exist between blockchain, circular economy and product deletion. Therefore, information stored on blockchain can be used by companies to analyze circular economy implementation and product deletion practices. |
| 148 | Manupati et al (2019) | The paper proposes a blockchain based approach for optimizing both emission levels and operational cost within a multi-echelon SC under a carbon taxation policy for an optimal SC |
| 149 | Meyer et al. (2019) | This paper uses the physical internets using decentralized approach of blockchain technology for sustainable logistics. |
| 150 | Shen and Pena-Mora (2018) | In this paper, authors explore three espects of city sustainability, namely, social, economic and environment, using blockchain technology. |
| Blockchain in retail sector | ||
| 151 | Choi et al. (2020a) | In their study, the authors provide a blockchian enabled service SC for rental platform using product information disclosure game. |
| 152 | Miraz et al (2019) | The article proposes a blockchain solution that would increase customer delight and improve performance of retail SC. The article also promised to enable SC managers to perform their tasks more effectively and aid them in decision making processes regarding blockchain implementation in their respective retail SC. |
| Blockchain in SMEs | ||
| 153 | Nayak and Dhaigude (2019) | It proposes that the blockchain technology can be utilized in SMEs to transform their SCM into sustainable SCM. |
| 154 | Prause and Boevsky (2019) | Blockchain and smart contracts application is explained using empirical study to promote development in rural SCs. |
| Blockchain in manufacturing sector | ||
| 155 | Gunasekaran et al. (2019) | This article highlights the integration of emerging technologies like IoT, blockchain, big data analytics for agility in manufacturing practices. |
| 156 | Kennedy et al (2017) | It solves the problem of counterfeit products in additive manufacturing by linking chemical signature information using blockchain. |
| 157 | Ko et al (2018) | It states that blockchain helps to incorporate the shift to shared and distributed systems in manufacturing ecosystems using a cross enterprise framework which enables higher level of knowledge sharing, saves money, gives more security and builds a scalable and flexible business. |
| 158 | Westerkamp et al. (2019) | This paper presents a new methodology to trace the product along with their components using blockchain for manufacturing sector. The products are represented by “tokens”, which can be utilized to track the entire journey of a product from its raw material to consumer doorstep. |
| Blockchain in automotive idustry | ||
| 159 | Sharma et al (2018) | In this paper, blockchain based solution for creating a distributed framework model is created for automotive industry as it fulfils the requirements like SCM, unparalleled security, evidence integrity and secure storage, mobility solution for resource sharing, automated maintenance services, ability to audit records, transparency, execution speed and cost reduction. |
| 160 | Surjandy et al (2019b) | The paper presents a simulation test for a new and robust blockchain integrated SCM system and its benefits in Automotive component tracing. |
| Blockchain in entertainment and tourism sector | ||
| 161 | Liao and Wang (2018) | In integrates casinos and entertainment sectors, the major challenges are to leverage traffic, demand and storage allocation which is resolved through the decentralized system of blockchain. |
| 162 | Mofokeng and Matima (2018) | The paper explores the capabilities of using distributed ledger technology for advancement in tourism marketing through virtual environments system. |
| 163 | Plant (2017) | It highlights on the improvement in digital content infrastructure using blockchain for trust, transparency and efficient management. |
| Blockchain in analytics | ||
| 164 | Choi et al (2020b) | In this paper, authors explore how the blockchain helps in enhancing social media analytics for SCM in practices. |
| 165 | Dillenberger et al (2019) | It deals with the value analytics on data contained in blockchain. The analytics engine can provide dashboards, predictive models and compliance checking in which AI can be further used on this data. |
| Blockchain in e-commerce and online advertising | ||
| 166 | Choi et al (2020a) | Here, authors deploy blockchain technology for optimal pricing strategy in an on-demand service platform by assessing the proportion of risk (seeker, neutral and averse) taking attitude of customers. |
| 167 | Isikdag (2019) | It shows that, by using blockchain, the e-procurement expands the marketplace, lowers cost of availability and improves options for both suppliers and buyers. |
| 168 | Li et al. (2019b) | In this work, the use of blockchain for e-commerce logistics service integrating with infrastructure support is shown. |
| 169 | Parssinen et al (2018) | It investigates the two-fold integration of blockchain with online advertising. |
| Blockchain in aviation industry | ||
| 170 | Choi et al (2019) | In this paper, authors highlight the application of Mean-Variation theory to analyse risks associated with SCs in air logistics. |
| 171 | Santonino et al (2018) | The paper explores the feasibility of using RFID in aviation sector for improving component management, tracking parts and enhancing logistics management. |
| 172 | Vaio and Varriale (2019) | It analyses the link between the blockchain, operation management, and sustainability issues in SCM. |
| Blockchain in energy sector | ||
| 173 | Park et al (2018) | The paper investigates in creating a secure, transparent and trustworthy P2P trading environment for electrical energy transaction. |
| Blockchain in fashion industry | ||
| 174 | Choi and Luo (2019) | This paper investigates the role of blockchain and decentralized SC as one of the factor along with government sponsors to enhance fashion industry SC operations. |
| Blockchain in education sector | ||
| 175 | Novotny et al (2018) | It shows that blockchain can play a major role in academic publishing through decentralized distribution of data, trust, data immutability and ability of function without intermediary. These characteristics make it suitable to solve the problems of reputation, productivity, peer review processes and predatory publishing. |
| Blockchain in construction industry | ||
| 176 | Xiong et al. (2019) | Main objective of this paper is to reduction of delay in information sharing, effective utilization of constraints and payment security in construction SC. |
| Blockchain in postal service | ||
| 177 | Yanovich et al (2018) | The paper investigates the ability of blockchains to resolve problems faced by postal service clients who include losses due to stamp fraud with the help of digital assets based crypto stamp. |
| Blockchain in packaging industry | ||
| 178 | Yi (2019) | The authors propose a blockchian based logistics model with decentralized and distributed platform in data security and personal privacy for packaging delivery business. |