Table 1.

Design and development of the questionnaire.

Domains identified as potential risk factors for COVID-19 transmission	Specific research question	Survey questions (the actual questionnaire is provided in Supplementary Appendix)
Location in the ICU for managing patients with COVID-19	Are patients with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 managed in negative-pressure single rooms or neutral-pressure rooms?	•What is the proposed location to treat confirmed COVID-19 patients requiring ICU admission?
Practices around oxygen therapy systems for nonintubated patients with COVID-19 that are known to be aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs)	What oxygen therapy systems are being provided for nonintubated patients with suspected/confirmed COVID-19?	•A young well-functioning patient has confirmed COVID-19. His resp rate is 30/min with Saturation ∼80–85% on room air. Other systems are normal. What O2 therapy is considered appropriate in your hospital? •Have you set up specialized a “COVID Intubation Team” to intubate suspected/confirmed COVID-19 patients?
PPE practice, defined as the choice of equipment used to protect ICU HCWs	What PPE is used while caring for a patient with confirmed COVID-19?	•As of today, what is your current ICU policy for PPE when you are in the same room as a confirmed COVID-19 patient?
Training processes for procedures that require modification in patients with COVID-19	Does the hospital/ICU provide specific training on minimising the infectious risk to HCWs performing tracheal intubation, intrahospital patient transport, donning/doffing PPE (including using buddy systems and N95/P2 respirator fit testing), and waste disposal?	•What training has been instituted to prepare for COVID-19? •For the N95 or P2 mask, does your hospital provide a fit-testing using either quantitative or qualitative (odor-detection) methods? •Do you have a “buddy-system” to check PPE practice? •Showering/shampooing after caring for a COVID patient
PPE availability in each ICU (PPE stock)	Is the hospital/ICU aware of PPE stock?	•Is the current stock of essential PPE equipment adequate to manage 3 confirmed COVID-19 patients in your ICU for at least 1 week?
Ancillary domains of interest	Does the hospital/ICU have a strategy on family visitation practices, both to minimise unnecessary exposure of staff, other patients, and other relatives/families and to optimise PPE stock? What is the overall perception of HCWs with regard to the PPE practice in their hospital/ICU?	•What family visitation/communication strategies have you decided for COVID-19 patients? •Please describe what constitutes a “breach in PPE” in your hospital. What measures do you take when a breach is identified? •Do you feel safe/secure and adequately protected with the PPE methods offered by your hospital/ICU?

COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; AGP, aerosol-generating procedure; PPE, personal protective equipment; PAPR, powered air-purifying respirator; N95, not resistant to oil-based aerosols; FFP2, filtering facepiece 2; ICU, intensive care unit; HCW, healthcare worker.