Table 1. Age-Based Exclusions by Treatment Type in 847 Clinical Trials.
| Treatment type | No. | Age categories excluded, y | Total, No. (%)a | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥55 | ≥60 | ≥65 | ≥70 | ≥75 | ≥80 | |||
| Vaccine | 18 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 11 (61) |
| Stem cells | 38 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 21 (55) |
| Antiparasitic | 14 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 (43) |
| Nutraceuticals, vitamins, minerals | 53 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 19 (36) |
| Blood products | 21 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 (29) |
| Oxygen | 15 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 (27) |
| Antiviral | 74 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 19 (26) |
| Hydroxychloroquine/ chloroquine | 60 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 15 (25) |
| Multimodal | 48 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 11 (23) |
| Immunomodulatory | 144 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 18 | 33 (23) |
| Antiseptic | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 (20) |
| Nonpharmacologic | 45 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 9 (20) |
| Anticoagulant | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 (17) |
| Convalescent plasma | 63 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 10 (16) |
| Antibiotic | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 (15) |
| Antihypertensive | 26 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4 (15) |
| Other drug treatmentsb | 60 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 7 (12) |
| Nitrous oxide | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (11) |
| Anti-inflammatory | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 (10) |
| Device | 32 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 (9) |
| Prone positioning | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (7) |
| Steroid | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (6) |
| Total all trials | 847 | 17 | 18 | 25 | 27 | 43 | 65 | 195 (23) |
| Phase 3 total | 232 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 9 | 15 | 38 (16) |
a
Ordered by percent with age exclusion.
b
Other pharmacologic treatments indicates drug categories with fewer than 9 clinical trials.