Figure 8.

Effects of NAC on Signaling Molecules and Metabolites after 20-Hz EPS

(A and B) Signaling molecules and metabolite concentrations. Welch's t test was performed on each signaling molecule and each metabolite, and multiple comparisons were performed based on FDR (BH method). ∗q < 1 was defined as a significant difference. The means and SDs of four independent experiments each with four biological replicates are shown.

(C) ROS-dependent activation of signaling molecules, enzymes, and metabolites involved with the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) after high-frequency electrical stimulation.