Table 1.
Video and audio inputs for resident and faculty computers during telesimulation procedure
| Characteristic | Description |
|---|---|
| Residents 1–8 | |
| Zoom role | Participant |
| Location | Home or office |
| Video received |
Figure 2a, b: Picture-in-picture • Large: Spotlight video from confederate surgeon • Small: Share screen from operator (Laerdal patient monitor) or director (PowerPoint) Figure 2c, d: Side-by-side (If learner prefers to see video of peer learner participants) • Large: Spotlight video of OR with video of participant learners (gallery view) • Small: Share screen from operator (Laerdal patient monitor) or director (PowerPoint) |
| Audio received | Laerdal patient monitor; audio from OR via confederate surgeon; non-muted participants |
| Video output | Learner’s video |
| Audio output | Learner’s audio |
| Simulation operator | |
| Zoom role | Host |
| Location | Simulation control booth |
| Video received | Figure 3a: LLEAP software—operator control |
| Audio received | Figure 3a: LLEAP software on laptop; audio from OR to control booth via existing microphone system |
| Video output | Figure 3b: Laerdal patient monitor application via share screen; coordinates share screen with director |
| Audio output | Figure 3b: Laerdal patient monitor application via share screen; coordinates share screen with director |
| Simulation director | |
| Zoom role | Co-host |
| Location | Remote office |
| Video received |
Figure 3c: Side-by-side • Large: Video of participant learners (gallery view) • Small: Share screen from operator (Laerdal patient monitor) or director (PowerPoint) |
| Audio received | Figure 3c: Non-muted participants including confederate surgeon and anesthesiologist, Laerdal patient monitor |
| Video output | Figure 3d: PowerPoint via share screen with scenario stem, QR codes for pre- and post-tests and evaluation; coordinates share screen with operator |
| Audio output | Figure 3d: Microphone on during briefing/debriefing; MUTED during scenario action |
| Confederate surgeon | |
| Zoom role | Co-host |
| Location | Simulated OR; head of OR table |
| Video received |
Figure 4a: Side-by-side view • Large: Video of participant learners (gallery view) • Small: Share screen from operator (Laerdal patient monitor) or director (PowerPoint) |
| Audio received | Figure 4a: Non-muted participants; Laerdal patient monitor |
| Video output | Figure 4b: Overview of OR via spotlight video |
| Audio output | Figure 4b: Audio from OR confederates (surgeon, anesthesiologist) |
| Confederate anesthesiologist | |
| Zoom role | Participant |
| Location | Simulated OR; foot of OR table |
| Video received |
Figure 4c: Side-by-side • Large: Video of participant learners (gallery view) • Small: Share screen from operator (Laerdal Patient Monitor) or director (PowerPoint) |
| Audio received | Figure 4c: SOUND OFF to prevent feedback |
| Video output | Figure 4d: 2nd view of OR from foot of the OR table |
| Audio output | Figure 4d: MUTED to prevent feedback |
OR operating room, QR quick response