Figure 3.

Potential effect of trypsin treatment on the glycocalyx and protein corona of EVs. Prior to trypsinization, the chemical components comprising the corona and near the outer shell of the EV are mainly exposed to the electromagnetic SERS amplification field (red). Trypsin cleaves off extraluminal domains of surface proteins and sugars that extend outside the vesicle’s phospholipid shell, placing the EVs in closer contact with the AgNP with different parts, including some intraluminal components, experiencing stronger signal amplification.