Table 2.
Odds of Outcomes by Number of Multiple Chronic Conditions and by Type of Co-occurring Chronic Condition
| No. of chronic conditions |
Type of chronic condition |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer and 1 MCC (n = 5608) | Cancer and 2 MCCs (n = 2633) | Cancer and 3+ MCCs (n = 2166) | Pulmonary (n = 2531) | CAD (n = 2416) | Renal (n = 1865) | HF (n = 1742) | Liver (n = 1388) | Diabetes (n = 1283) | PVD (n = 1044) | Dementia (n = 351) | |
| ACP 30+ days before death | 1.25 (1.13–1.39) | 1.39 (1.19–1.62) | 1.61 (1.26–2.05) | 1.01 (0.90–1.14) | 0.96 (0.85–1.10) | 1.15 (1.00–1.31) | 0.97 (0.85–1.12) | 1.30 (1.13–1.49) | 0.99 (0.85–1.14) | 1.10 (0.94–1.28) | 1.11 (0.88–1.41) |
| In-hospital death | 1.47 (1.34–1.62) | 1.94 (1.69–2.23) | 1.97 (1.57–2.47) | 1.07 (0.96–1.21) | 1.03 (0.91–1.16) | 1.18 (1.03–1.33) | 1.62 (1.43–1.84) | 1.05 (0.93–1.19) | 1.03 (0.90–1.18) | 1.00 (0.86–1.16) | 0.84 (0.66–1.07) |
| ED visit last 30 days | 1.52 (1.14–2.05) | 1.90 (1.38–2.61) | 1.61 (0.84–3.11) | 1.03 (0.75–1.42) | 0.77 (0.54–1.11) | 1.45 (1.04–2.01) | 0.96 (0.67–1.38) | 1.22 (0.88–1.71) | 0.55 (0.35–0.86) | 0.79 (0.49–1.26) | 1.21 (0.64–2.29) |
| Inpatient admit last 30 days | 1.85 (1.65–2.09) | 2.42 (2.06–2.84) | 2.57 (2.01–3.30) | 0.94 (0.84–1.07) | 1.11 (0.98–1.27) | 1.27 (1.11–1.45) | 1.67 (1.46–1.91) | 1.22 (1.06–1.40) | 0.85 (0.73–0.9) | 1.00 (0.85–1.17) | 1.38 (1.08–1.77) |
| ICU admit last 30 days | 1.96 (1.66–2.32) | 3.29 (2.68–4.04) | 3.68 (2.71–4.99) | 0.95 (0.82–1.11) | 0.96 (0.82–1.13) | 1.25 (1.07–1.46) | 2.06 (1.76–2.41) | 1.22 (1.03–1.44) | 0.75 (0.63–0.90) | 0.98 (0.81–1.18) | 0.98 (0.71–1.36) |
Controlled for the following covariates (reference group in parentheses): functional limitation (none), age at death, race (other than white), sex (male), marital status (not married), educational level (less than some college or more), and insurance status (private). Reference group for number of chronic conditions = 0 CCs. Bold type indicates statistically significant finding at p < 0.01; italics indicates statistically significant finding at p < 0.05. After excluding patients with unknown education, race, or marital status, we included 14,873 patients for statistical analysis.
CAD, coronary artery disease; CCs, chronic conditions; ED, emergency department; HF, heart failure; ICU, intensive care unit; PVD, peripheral vascular disease.