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. 2020 Sep 29;17:81. doi: 10.1186/s12986-020-00497-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Study design. Subjects consumed beta hydroxybutyrate (βHB)-salts and medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs; KS1 and KS2) or flavor match control (PLA). Capillary metabolites were assessed pre-drink (baseline), 30 min post-drink (30 min), 60 min post-drink (60 min), post-run (+ 0 min), and 15 min post-5 k TT (+ 15 min). Cognitive tests were performed 30 min post-drink (30 min) and 5 min after 5 k TT (+ 5 min). Heart rate (HR), affect, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and gas exchange were evaluated during the 5 k TT. Beta Hydroxybutyrate, βHB; Medium Chain Triglycerides, MCT; KS1, one dose βHB-salts and MCTs; KS2, two doses βHB-salts and MCTs; Flavor Matched Control, PLA; Heart Rate, HR; Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE)