Extended Data Figure 4: Knockout of host factor genes reduces coronavirus infection and virus-induced cell death.

(a) Indel frequency of RNP-edited polyclonal A549-ACE2 KO cells. Targeted loci were PCR-amplified, Sanger-sequenced and analyzed using Inference of CRISPR Edits (ICE) analysis⁶⁵. (b) Genotyping of clonal Huh7.5.1. Targeted loci were PCR-amplified, Sanger-sequenced and aligned to WT reference sequence. Frameshifts are highlighted in blue. (c) Cell viability measurement of 229E or OC43 infected WT and KO Huh7.5.1 cells. Cells were infected with 229E (moi=0.05) or OC43 (moi=3) and viability was determined 8 dpi using Cell Titer Glo. Values are displayed as means ± s.d. from three (229E) or two (OC43) biological samples.