Table 2-.
Cross-sectional associations of financial hardship with mental health
| Cohort 1 | Cohort 2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| standardized β (SE) | t | p | Standardized β (SE) | t | p | |
| Income- main effect on symptoms load (anxiety and depression) | −0·02 (0·01) | −3·41 | <0·001 | −0·02 (0·02) | −1·37 | 0·168 |
| Income loss- main effect on symptoms load (anxiety and depression) | 0·01 (0·04) | 0·33 | 0·738 | 0·08 (0·02) | 4·90 | <0·0001 |
| Specific effect of income loss on depression# | 0·14 (0·02) | 8·19 | <0·0001 | 0·06 (0·01) | 8·75 | <0·0001 |
| Model 2: Subjective financial strain | ||||||
| Overall COVID-19 worries- main effect on symptoms load (anxiety and depression) | 0·13 (0·01) | 13·35 | <0·0001 | 0·11 (0·01) | 7·86 | <0·0001 |
| Worries about family contracting COVID-19- specific effect on Depression@ | −0·01 (0·01) | −1·03 | 0·304 | −0·02 (0·02) | −1·19 | 0·232 |
| Worries about finance- specific effect on Depression@ | 0·17 (0·02) | 10·35 | <0·0001 | 0·15 (0·02) | 6·08 | <0·0001 |
Values were derived from linear mixed-effects models with financial hardship (objective in Model 1; subjective in Model 2) as independent variables, and standardized symptoms load (standardized PHQ-+ GAD-7 scores in Cohort 1, PROMIS Anxiety and Depression scores in Cohort 2) as dependent variable. Models are adjusted for age, sex, relationship status, income and country of origin. Effect sizes are represented with standardized effect coefficients (β). SE= Standard error.
Modeled as the interaction between income loss and type of symptom domain (anxiety/depression).
Modeled as the interaction between worry type (family contracting COVID-19/financial concern about impact of COVID-19, contrasted against worries to self-contract COVID-19 as reference) and type of symptom domain (anxiety/depression).