Table 2.

Themes and codes identified at each level of the Socio-Ecological Model

Level of influence	Definition of level	Theme and codes
Individual	Personal history and characteristics, such as knowledge, attitudes and beliefs, that influence tobacco-use behaviour	Coping mechanisms Transition from civilian to military life Therapeutic effect of smoking Killing time Health beliefs Knowledge and perceived severity of smoking Lack of perceived susceptibility Side effects of smoking Quit attempt and motivations Quitting experiences Physical and psychological dependence Perceived benefits of quitting smoking
Interpersonal	Personal relationships with formal and informal military social network that influence tobacco-use behaviour	Role of peers Peer influence Socialisation with peers Perceived social norm Role of superiors and role models Quitting advice from superiors Relationship building with superiors Different smoking restrictions enforced by superiors Role of medical officers Routine medical screening
Organisational	Policies, facilities and organisational structures in the SAF camps that influence tobacco-use behaviour	SAF tobacco-control regulations Common smoking rules in SAF Rules about smoke breaks/ cigarette possession Views about SAF smoking regulations Accessibility of designated smoking areas Physical distance to the yellow box ‘The socialisation corner’ Accessibility of cigarettes in camp Social sources of cigarettes Stocking up when out Changes in smoking privileges from BMT to operational unit Strict smoking regulations during BMT Relaxed smoking regulations at the operational unit

BMT, Basic Military Taining; SAF, Singapore Armed Forces.