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. 2020 Sep 29;18:308. doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01738-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Hypothetical network of comorbid depression (DEP1–DEP3) and anxiety (ANX1 and ANX2), in which bridge mental states (i.e., momentary experiences of symptoms) (B1 and B2) funnel the activity from one mental state cluster to the other. The lines within the two mental state clusters show the within-cluster associations between the mental states. The four arrows show possible indirect effects from depression mental state 1 (DEP1) → bridge mental state 1 (B1) → anxiety mental state 1 (ANX1), and vice versa, from anxiety mental state 2 → bridge mental state 2 → depression mental state 3. The indirect effects via the bridge mental states, such as A*B in the figure, are hypothesized to be stronger in the network of individuals with comorbid depression and anxiety, as compared to individuals with either disorder