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. 2020 Sep 29;18:308. doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01738-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Networks depicting the group-average lagged association (fixed) effects between mental states of the VAR(1) model for the comorbid, depression-only, and anxiety-only groups. Each node in the network represents a mental state: REL, not relaxed; NER, feeling nervous; IRR, feeling irritated; WOR, worrying; CHE, not cheerful; LIS, feeling listless; DOW, feeling down. Each edge is the lagged association of that mental state at t-1 (3 h before) with another mental state at t (now). Autoregressive effects (curved arrows from and to the same node) show the influence of the mental state on itself over time. Green (solid) arrows reflect positive effects over time, while red (dotted) arrows reflect negative effects over time