Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics compared between the three outcome groups
| 1. Comorbid disorders at the same NESDA wave (n = 143) | 2. Depressive disorder only during NESDA (n = 40) | 3. Anxiety disorder only during NESDA (n = 37) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Female, n (%)a | 100 (69.9) | 29 (72.5) | 27 (73.0) | 0.91 |
| Age, mean (SD)b | 48.67 (11.1) | 47.38 (14.1) | 48.62 (13.3) | 0.83 |
| Education, n (%)c | 0.08 | |||
| 1. Low | 8 (5.6) | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0) | |
| 2. Intermediate | 84 (58.7) | 17 (42.5) | 17 (45.9) | |
| 3. High | 51 (35.7) | 22 (55.0) | 20 (54.1) | |
| Born outside the Netherlands (%)c | 8 (5.6) | 1 (2.5) | 4 (10.8) | 0.33 |
| Marital status (%)c | 0.84 | |||
| Never married | 46 (32.2) | 12 (30.0) | 15 (40.5) | |
| Currently married | 64 (44.8) | 21 (52.5) | 17 (45.9) | |
| Married living separated | 2 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Formerly married | 31 (21.7) | 7 (17.5) | 5 (13.5) | |
| Employment status—unemployed (%)a | 33 (22.4) | 3 (7.5) | 3 (8.1) | 0.03 |
| Psychopathology | ||||
| Type of disorder | ||||
| Major depression (%) | 143 (100.0) | 38 (95) | 0 | |
| Dysthymia (%) | 67 (48.9) | 7 (18.4) | 0 | |
| Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) (%) | 89 (64.0) | 0 | 12 (33.3) | |
| Social anxiety disorder (%) | 93 (66.4) | 0 | 23 (65.7) | |
| Panic with/without agoraphobia (%) | 89 (63.3) | 0 | 15(41.7) | |
| Agoraphobia (%) | 52 (38.2) | 0 | 8 (22.2) | |
| Recency* (%)a | < 0.001 | |||
| < 2 weeks | 54 (37.8) | 1(2.5) | 8 (21.6) | |
| 2 weeks to < 1 month | 11 (7.7) | 0 | 1 (2.7) | |
| 1 to < 6 months | 10 (6.9) | 6 (17.5) | 3 (32.4) | |
| 6 to 12 months | 7 (4.9) | 2 (5.0) | 1 (2.7) | |
| > 1 to 9 years# | 61 (42.0) | 31 (77.5) | 24 (64.9) | |
| Symptom severity mean (SD)b | ||||
| Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (IDS; range 0–84), mean (SD)b | 22.42,3 ± 12.7 | 13.01 ± 9.4 | 11.31 ± 5.9 | < 0.001 |
| Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI; range 0–63), mean (SD)b | 11.72,3 ± 9.7 | 5.31 ± 5.8 | 7.01 ± 5.4 | < 0.001 |
| Fear Questionnaire (FQ; range 0–120), mean (SD)b | 21.72,3 ± 19.0 | 8.31 ± 11.7 | 15.31 ± 13.2 | < 0.001 |
aChi-squared test
bAnalysis of variance (ANOVA)
cFisher’s exact test
1,2,3Numbers refer to groups from which that group differs significantly
*Established at the time of the interview; the EMA study started within 31 days of the interview
#Number of individuals who only met criteria for a diagnosis at the first NESDA measurement; N=5 in comorbid group; N=10 in depression group; and N=12 in anxiety group