Table 1.

Effect of different antibiotic treatments on attached B. burgdorferi biofilm mass at 10 µM and 50 µM concentration evaluated with crystal violet biofilm assay after 72 h

Antibiotics single	10 µM residual %  ± %SD	50 µM residual %  ± %SD	Antibiotics dual combinations	10 µM residual %  ± %SD	50 µM residual  ± %SD
Control (PBS)	100%	100%	Control (PBS)	100%	100%
DDS	69% ± 5.1	58% ± 4.7	DDS + DOXY	68% ± 5.3	65% ± 4.6
DOXY	107% ± 8.2	103% ± 11.6	DDS + RIF	82% ± 7.6	71% ± 5.6
RIF	76% ± 4.3	60% ± 8.9	DDS + AZ	106% ± 9.1	93% ± 7.3
CEF	109% ± 8.6	102% ± 9.5	DDS + CEF	83% ± 7.3	101% ± 10.3
AZ	101% ± 7.4	91% ± 7.9	DOXY + RIF	73% ± 5.8	74% ± 6.5

Antibiotics triple combinations	10 µM residual %  ± %SD	50 µM residual %  ± %SD	Antibiotics quadruple combinations	10 µM residual %  ± %SD	50 µM residual %  ± %SD
Control (PBS)	100%	100%	Control (PBS)	100%	100%
DDS + DOXY + RIF	78% ± 5.8	52% ± 4.1	DDS + DOXY + RIF + CEF	72% ± 5.2	79% ± 6.2
DDS + DOXY + CEF	65% ± 4.2	60% ± 8.8	DDS + DOXY + RIF + AZ	78% ± 5.4	58% ± 3.5
DDS + DOXY + AZ	80% ± 7.7	72% ± 6.5	DDS + RIF + AZ + CEF	81% ± 6.8	68% ± 5.5
DDS + RIF + AZ	69% ± 4.2	77% ± 8.5	DOX + RIF + AZ + CEF	98% ± 8.5	82% ± 5.1
DDS + RIF + CEF	70% ± 5.6	62% ± 5.6

Table summarizes the mean % of residual viability with ± SD compared to the PBS treated control. N = 20

DDS dapsone, DOXY doxycycline, RIF rifampin, CEF cefuroxime, AZ azithromycin