TABLE 5.

Univariate and multivariate analyses of baseline factors associated with OS in patients with BM from melanoma.

Factors	Effect tested	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
		HR	95% CI	p	HR	95% CI	p
Demographics
Age (years)	≤55 vs. >55	0.75	0.56–1.01	0.07
Sex	Male vs. Female	1.41	1.05–1.89	0.03	1.43	0.97–2.10	0.08
Baseline melanoma characteristics
Histology	SSM vs. Nodular	0.61	0.42–0.89
	Mucosal vs. Nodular	1.62	0.45–5.87
	Acral vs. Nodular	0.56	0.23–1.34	0.07a
	Uveal vs. Nodular	0.95	0.38–2.39
	Others vs. Nodular	0.79	0.34–1.85
Melanoma site	Limbs vs. Trunk	0.68	0.47–0.97		0.87	0.56–1.35	0.54
	Others vs. Trunk	1.09	0.70–1.71	0.05a	1.08	0.69–1.69	0.73
	Occult vs. Trunk	0.65	0.41–1.03		0.75	0.41–1.38	0.36
BRAF genotype	V600 vs. Wild type	1.21	0.89–1.64	0.22
NRAS genotype	Mutated vs. Wild type	0.87	0.48–1.55	0.65
Characteristics present at BM diagnosis
Time of diagnosis	Synchronous vs. Metachronous	1.08	0.73–1.59	0.68
Localization of BM	Axial vs. Extra-axial	1.20	0.76–1.89	0.46
Number of BM	<5 vs. ≥5	0.47	0.34–0.64	<0.0001	0.56	0.39–0.79	0.0013
Calcaemia	≤ULN vs. >ULN	0.54	0.23–1.26	0.06
LDH levels	≤2 × ULN vs. >2 × ULN	0.42	0.30–0.60	<0.0001	0.49	0.34–0.71	0.0001
Characteristics of metastatic disease
Number of metastatic organs	<3 vs. ≥3	0.55	0.40–0.77	0.0027	0.58	0.34–0.99	0.047
Presence of visceral mts	Yes with Brain vs. Yes w/o Brain	1.79	1.23–2.62	0.0002a	1.33	0.88–2.01	0.18
	No vs. Yes w/o Brain	0.42	0.21–0.87		0.58	0.13–2.71	0.49
Treatment and SRE
Use of BTA	Yes vs. No	0.80	0.60–1.06	0.13
SRE occurrence	Yes vs. No	0.85	0.64–1.14	0.28
Systemic treatment	Targeted/ICIs vs. CHT	0.24	0.10–0.57	<0.0001	0.32	0.17–0.58	0.0002

BM, bone metastases; BTA, bone targeting agents; CHT, chemotherapy; ICIs, immune checkpoint inhibitors; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; mts, metastases; SSM, superficial spreading melanoma; SRE, skeletal-related events; ULN, upper limit of normal; w/o, whitout. ^aLogrank test. Bold values are indicate to p < 0.05.