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. 2019 Oct 15;22(5):447–453. doi: 10.4103/aja.aja_104_19

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Copyright: ©The Author(s)(2019)

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Sperm biomarker fluorescence. (a) PSA-label. Spermatozoa that fluoresced in the acrosomal region were considered not reacted (right) and those with labeling of the equatorial band were deemed as reacted (left). (b) PY20 fluorescent patterns. The equatorial segment, the principal piece, and the combined principal piece plus equatorial segment. (c) TUNEL assay. Green staining indicated DNA fragmentation. The sperm nucleus was detected by means of DAPI (blue). Scale bars = 20 μm. PSA: Pisum sativum lectin; TUNEL: terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.