Table 2. Potential factors associated with pneumonia onset.
| pneumonia onset | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| (+) | (-) | univariate analysis | |
| Factors | n = 17 | n = 209 | p value |
| Age, year | 77.4 ± 9.5 | 72.4 ± 13.3 | 0.134 |
| Gender (Female), n (%) | 5 (29.4) | 93 (44.5) | 0.227 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.0 ± 4.1 | 23.3 ± 4.0 | 0.790 |
| Stroke Subtypes | 0.137 | ||
| ATBI, n (%) | 2 (11.8) | 36 (17.2) | |
| CEI, n (%) | 1 (5.9) | 22 (10.5) | |
| LI, n (%) | 2 (11.8) | 40 (19.1) | |
| Others, n (%) | 6 (35.3) | 85 (40.7) | |
| ICH, n (%) | 6 (35.3) | 26 (12.4) | |
| Location of lesion | |||
| frontal lobe, n (%) | 4 (23.5) | 68 (32.5) | 0.443 |
| temporal lobe, n (%) | 3 (17.7) | 21 (10.1) | 0.328 |
| parietal lobe, n (%) | 2 (11.8) | 32 (15.3) | 0.694 |
| occipital lobe, n (%) | 2 (11.8) | 24 (11.5) | 0.972 |
| insular cortex, n (%) | 2 (11.8) | 8 (3.8) | 0.126 |
| corona radiata, n (%) | 5 (29.4) | 51 (24.4) | 0.645 |
| basal ganglia, n (%) | 8 (47.1) | 44 (21.1) | 0.014 |
| capsulae internae, n (%) | 0 (0) | 9 (4.3) | 0.383 |
| thalamus, n (%) | 3 (17.7) | 21 (10.1) | 0.328 |
| brain stem, n (%) | 2 (11.8) | 42 (20.1) | 0.404 |
| cerebellum, n (%) | 2 (11.8) | 18 (8.6) | 0.660 |
| Past history | |||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 10 (58.8) | 140 (67.0) | 0.493 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 4 (23.5) | 42 (20.1) | 0.735 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 3 (17.7) | 32 (15.3) | 0.798 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 1 (5.9) | 19 (9.1) | 0.654 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 6 (35.3) | 57 (27.3) | 0.478 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 2 (11.8) | 49 (23.4) | 0.268 |
| Habitual drinker, n (%) | 1 (5.9) | 74 (35.4) | 0.013 |
| NIHSS score, median (minimum, maximum) | 10 (0, 23) | 2 (0, 19) | <0.001 |
| RSST<3 times /30 seconds, n (%) | 11 (64.7) | 26 (12.4) | <0.001 |
| MWST score<4, n (%) | 5 (29.4) | 10 (4.8) | <0.001 |
| Medication | |||
| angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, n (%) | 3 (17.7) | 18 (8.6) | 0.217 |
| beta blocker, n (%) | 4 (23.5) | 32 (15.3) | 0.373 |
| cilostazol, n (%) | 4 (23.5) | 45 (21.5) | 0.847 |
| Simplified cough test abnormal, n (%) | 10 (58.8) | 8 (3.8) | <0.001 |
SD, standard deviation; ATBI, atherothrombotic brain infarction; CEI, cardiogenic embolism infarction; LI, lacunar infarction; ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; RSST, repetitive saliva swallowing test; MWST, modified water swallowing test.