Table 2.

Summary of key renal outcomes reported in SGLT2i CVOTs [27–31, 34]

CVOT key renal end points	Reported outcome: SGLT2i therapy versus placebo
EMPA-REG OUTCOME (empagliflozin)
Composite renal outcome:  Doubling of serum creatinine level, initiation of RRT, death from renal disease	46% relative risk reduction (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.40–0.75; P < 0.001)
Incident or worsening of nephropathy:  Progression to severely increased ACR, doubling of serum creatinine levels accompanied by an eGFR ≤ 45 ml/min/1.73 m2, initiation of RRT or death from renal disease	39% relative risk reduction (HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.53–0.70; P < 0.001)
CANVAS Program (canagliflozin)
Composite renal outcome:  Sustained 40% reduction in eGFR, the need for RRT or death from renal causes	40% relative risk reduction (HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.47–0.77)
Progression of albuminuria (ACR > 3 mg/mmol)	27% relative risk reduction (HR 0.73; 95% CI 0.67–0.79)
Regression of albuminuria (return to ACR  ≤ 3 mg/mmol)	30% regression (HR 1.70; 95% CI 1.51−1.91)
DECLARE-TIMI 58 (dapagliflozin)
Renal composite outcome:  Sustained eGFR decline of ≥ 40% to < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, ESKD (dialysis for ≥ 90 days, kidney transplantation or confirmed sustained eGFR < 15 ml/min/1.73 m2) or death from renal causes	47% relative risk reduction (HR 0.53; 95% CI 0.43–0.66; P < 0.0001)
Cardiorenal end point:  Sustained eGFR decline of ≥ 40% to < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, ESKD (dialysis for ≥ 90 days, kidney transplantation or confirmed sustained eGFR < 15 ml/min/1.73 m2) or death from renal or CV causes	24% relative risk reduction (HR 0.76; 95% CI 0.67–0.87; P < 0.0001
Sustained decline in eGFR (≥ 40% ml/min/1.73 m2 to  < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)	46% relative risk reduction (HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.43–0.67; P < 0.0001)
Risk of ESKD or renal death	59% relative risk reduction (HR 0.41; 95% CI 0.20–0.82; P = 0.012)
VERTIS-CV (ertugliflozin)
Renal composite outcome:  Renal death, RRT or doubling of serum creatinine	19% relative risk reduction (HR 0.81; 95.8% CI 0.63–1.04; P = 0.08)