TABLE 2.
Comparison of clinical characteristics between patients with and without subsequent emergency department visits for heart failure decompensation
| Without ED visits (n = 100) | With ED visits (n = 22) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 67.1 ± 10.1 | 68.3 ± 11.1 | 0.601 |
| Male gender | 76 (76.0%) | 16 (72.7%) | 0.607 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.2 ± 3.9 | 23.2 ± 4.8 | 0.048 |
| Heart failure duration (years) | 4.6 ± 3.1 | 4.0 ± 3.6 | 0.434 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 122 ± 17 | 115 ± 19 | 0.197 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 72 ± 10 | 69 ± 11 | 0.442 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 81 ± 16 | 78 ± 10 | 0.679 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 46 (46.0%) | 8 (36.4%) | 0.410 |
| Hypertension | 45 (45.0%) | 10 (45.5%) | 0.969 |
| Dyslipidemia | 39 (39.0%) | 7 (31.8%) | 0.529 |
| Coronary artery disease | 32 (32.0%) | 13 (59.1%) | 0.017 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 36 (36.0%) | 16 (72.7%) | 0.002 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 31 (31.0%) | 10 (45.5%) | 0.194 |
| ACEI | 6 (6.0%) | 1 (4.5%) | 0.791 |
| ARB | 70 (70.0%) | 14 (63.6%) | 0.580 |
| ARNI | 20 (20.0%) | 5 (22.7%) | 0.880 |
| MRA | 37 (37.0%) | 11 (50.0%) | 0.258 |
| Beta blockers | 69 (69.0%) | 18 (81.8%) | 0.229 |
| Diuretics | 51 (51.0%) | 15 (68.2%) | 0.143 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.17 ± 0.50 | 2.31 ± 2.56 | 0.002 |
| Potassium (Meq/L) | 4.2 ± 0.5 | 4.1 ± 0.7 | 0.516 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 65.3 ± 20.6 | 46.9 ± 25.0 | 0.015 |
| Blood NT‐proBNP (pg/mL) | 2271.5 ± 3075.5 | 5504.0 ± 6208.7 | 0.001 |
| Urine creatinine (mg/dL) | 72.1 ± 51.7 | 82.2 ± 50.0 | 0.403 |
| Urine NT‐proBNP (pg/mL) | 321.3 ± 613.2 | 5253.1 ± 13904.9 | <0.001 |
| Urine NT‐proBNP/creatinine ratio (pg/μg Cr) | 0.59 ± 1.11 | 7.81 ± 19.65 | <0.001 |
| Left atrial diameter (cm) | 4.3 ± 0.9 | 4.4 ± 0.9 | 0.768 |
| Average mitral E/e′ | 12.4 ± 5.7 | 13.4 ± 4.7 | 0.467 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 37.8 ± 8.6 | 28.7 ± 8.5 | <0.001 |
ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; ARNI, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro b‐type natriuretic peptide.