Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of myocarditis, DCM, and control subjects
| Myocarditis1 | DCM2 | Controls3 | P‐value | P‐value | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 vs. 2 | 2 vs. 3 | 1 vs. 3 | ||||
| n | 33 | 33 | 33 | |||
| Age (years) | 38.5 ± 2.6 | 46.5 ± 2.4 | 61.2 ± 1.9 | 0.024 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Sex (male/female) | 26/7 | 25/8 | 12/21 | 0.77 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.2 ± 0.9 | 27.4 ± 0.7 | 26.6 ± 0.7 | 0.13 | 0.42 | 0.027 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors (n (%)) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 14 (42.4) | 14 (42.4) | 25 (75.8) | 1 | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Diabetes | 1 (3) | 2 (6.1) | 5 (15.2) | 0.56 | 0.237 | 0.089 |
| Smoking | 22 (66.7) | 21 (63.6) | 12 (36.4) | 0.36 | 0.027 | 0.005 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 9 (27.3) | 9 (27.3) | 12 (36.4) | 1 | 0.436 | 0.436 |
| Medication, n (%): | ||||||
| Betablockers | 13 (39.4) | 33 (100) | 19 (57.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.144 |
| ACE inhibitors/ARB | 13 (39.4) | 33 (100) | 25 (75.8) | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Diuretics | 11 (33.3) | 26 (78.8) | 17 (51.5) | <0.001 | 0.02 | 0.139 |
| Aldosterone antagonists | 9 (27.3) | 26 (78.8) | 0 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
| Clinical presentation, n (%): | ||||||
| Angina pectoris | 24 (72.7) | 8 (24.2) | 18 (54.5) | <0.001 | 0.011 | 0.129 |
| Dyspnoea on exertion, NYHA Class: | ||||||
| I | 8 (24.2) | 3 (9.1) | 26 (78.8) | 0.102 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| II | 12 (36.4) | 8 (24.3) | 5 (15.2) | 0.29 | 0.36 | 0.05 |
| III | 9 (27.3) | 14(42.4) | 2 (6.1) | 0.202 | <0.001 | 0.021 |
| IV | 4 (12.1) | 8 (24.3) | 0 | 0.207 | 0.002 | 0.04 |
| Peripheral oedema | 6 (18.2) | 10 (30.3) | 0 | 0.26 | <0.001 | 0.01 |
| Palpitations | 10 (30.3) | 9 (27.3) | 5 (15.2) | 0.78 | 0.14 | 0.146 |
| Echocardiography: | ||||||
| LVEF (%) | 49.1 ± 3.4 | 28.1 ± 1.5 | 67.8 ± 1.7 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| LVEDd (mm) | 54.4 ± 1.6 | 62 ± 1.7 | 46.1 ± 1.5 | 0.002 | <0.001 | 0.002 |
Data are presented as mean values ± standard error of the mean or number (%) of subjects. BMI, body‐mass index; ACE, angiotensin‐converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin‐receptor blocker; NYHA, New York Heart Association; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDD, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter.